Anderson v. Texas Gulf, Inc.

Decision Date30 December 1986
Docket NumberNo. 863SC410,863SC410
PartiesJames W. ANDERSON, Sr. v. TEXAS GULF, INC.
CourtNorth Carolina Court of Appeals

Voerman & Ward, P.A. by J. Allen Murphy, New Bern, for plaintiff-appellant.

Sumrell, Sugg & Carmichael by James R. Sugg and Rudolph A. Ashton, III, New Bern, for defendant-appellee.

ORR, Judge.

The sole issue before the Court is whether the plaintiff's complaint should have been dismissed because it conclusively showed plaintiff to be an employee of defendant at the time he was injured and thereby limited his remedy to recovery under the Worker's Compensation Act. We conclude that the trial court erred in dismissing the case.

N.C.G.S. § 97-10.1 provides that if an employee and employer are subject to and have complied with the Worker's Compensation Act, the rights and remedies granted to the employee under the Act are his sole remedy and exclude all other rights and remedies he may have had against his employer at common law. According to defendant, plaintiff's complaint conclusively shows him to be an employee, either under the lent or joint employee doctrines such that recovery under the Worker's Compensation Act provides the sole remedy for his injuries.

Under the lent employee doctrine:

"When a general employer lends an employee to a special employer, the special employer becomes liable for workmen's compensation only if

"(a) the employee has made a contract of hire, express or implied, with the special employer;

"(b) the work being done is essentially that of the special employer; and "(c) the special employer has the right to control the details of the work.

"When all three of the above conditions are satisfied in relation to both employers, both employers are liable for workmen's compensation."

Collins v. Edwards, 21 N.C.App. 455, 459, 204 S.E.2d 873, 876, cert. denied, 285 N.C. 589, 206 S.E.2d 862 (1974) (quoting 1C, Larson, The Law of Workmen's Compensation § 48.00). Joint employment, on the other hand, occurs when

a single employee, under contract with two employers, and under the simultaneous control of both, simultaneously performs services for both employers, and when the service for each employer is the same as, or is closely related to, that for the other. In such a case, both employers are liable for workmen's compensation.

1C, Larson, The Law of Workmen's Compensation § 48.40, p. 8-511 (emphasis added).

In determining whether plaintiff's complaint was sufficient to withstand a motion to dismiss, "the well-pleaded material allegations of the complaint are taken as admitted; but conclusions of law or unwarranted deductions of facts are not admitted." Lloyd v. Babb, 296 N.C. 416, 427, 251 S.E.2d 843, (1979) (quoting Sutton v. Duke, 277 N.C. 94, 98, 176 S.E.2d 161, 163 (1970)). The material allegations of plaintiff's complaint are as follows:

1. "That at all times alleged ... plaintiff was an employee of East Coast Machine and Iron Works, Inc.";

2. That "although an employee of East Coast Machine [,] ... [plaintiff] was on loan to Texas Gulf, Inc. and was under the direct supervision and control of Texas Gulf, Inc. and [was] working at their place of business ... in Aurora, North Carolina";

3. "That at all times alleged ... defendant ... was in direct control of the plaintiff's work activities and the plaintiff's safety";

4. That on the day of the accident plaintiff reported "directly to the defendant's business site in Aurora, North Carolina";

5. That on the day of the accident, "[a]t the direction of the supervisory personnel of the defendant, plaintiff was instructed along with two other employees on loan from East Coast Machine ... to fit pipe together as part of a construction job at the business site of the defendant";

6. "That as a proximate result of the plaintiff working [in unsafe conditions] and without any safety features provided by the defendant, the plaintiff slipped and fell ... and in doing so twisted and fractured his ankle severely and otherwise suffered severe permanent and disfiguring injuries";

7. That "the plaintiff was at all times doing his work for the defendant in as careful and safe a manner as possible under the conditions which the defendant instructed him to work"; and

8. "The proximate cause of the plaintiff's ... injury was the negligence of the defendant...."

In applying the lent employee doctrine to the allegations, we clearly have a general employer who has loaned his employee to a special employer. Similarly, the allegations state in unambiguous language that the plaintiff was under the direct supervision and control of Texas Gulf. The complaint does not allege, however, that there was a contract for hire, express or implied, with the special employer. Nor does the complaint allege that the work being done was essentially that of the special...

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8 cases
  • Ghersi v. Salazar
    • United States
    • Utah Supreme Court
    • October 28, 1994
    ...Packers, Inc., 398 N.E.2d 709 (Ind.Ct.App.1980); Smith v. Kelly Labor Serv., 239 So.2d 685 (La.Ct.App.1970); Anderson v. Texas Gulf, Inc., 83 N.C.App. 634, 351 S.E.2d 109 (1986); Bennett v. Mid-South Terminals Corp., 660 S.W.2d 799 ...
  • Morgan v. Morgan Motor Co. of Albemarle, Emp'r, & Brentwood Servs., Inc.
    • United States
    • North Carolina Court of Appeals
    • December 17, 2013
    ...related to, that for the other. In such a case, both employers are liable for workman's compensation.Anderson v. Texas Gulf, Inc., 83 N.C.App. 634, 636, 351 S.E.2d 109, 110 (1986) (quoting 1C, Larson, The Law of Workmen's Compensation § 48.40). Our Supreme Court has held that where two empl......
  • Hughart v. Dasco Transp., Inc.
    • United States
    • North Carolina Court of Appeals
    • January 4, 2005
    ..."`joint employment as to one employer cannot be found in the absence of a contract with that employer.'" Anderson v. Texas Gulf, Inc., 83 N.C.App. 634, 638, 351 S.E.2d 109, 111 (1986) (quoting 1C Larson, The Law of Workmen's Compensation § 48.44, pp. 8-531 to 32). This is consistent with th......
  • Wiley v. Armstrong Transfer & Storage Co.
    • United States
    • North Carolina Court of Appeals
    • May 1, 2018
    ...for the other [,]" both employers are liable for injury suffered under the Workers' Compensation Act. Anderson v. Texas Gulf, Inc. , 83 N.C. App. 634, 636, 351 S.E.2d 109, 110 (1986) (emphasis omitted). Nevertheless, even where "there is a mutual business interest between the two employers,......
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