Anderson v. Winsett, 79-2014

Decision Date12 January 1981
Docket NumberNo. 79-2014,79-2014
Citation449 U.S. 1093,101 S.Ct. 891,66 L.Ed.2d 822
PartiesRaymond W. ANDERSON and Paul W. Keve v. Thomas H. WINSETT
CourtU.S. Supreme Court

On petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit.

The motion of respondent for leave to proceed in forma pauperis is granted.

The petition for a writ of certiorari is denied.

Justice WHITE, with whom Justice REHNQUIST joins, dissenting.

In Greenholtz v. Nebraska Penal Inmates, 442 U.S. 1, 12, 99 S.Ct. 2100, 2106, 60 L.Ed.2d 698 (1979), we held that a Nebraska statute created an "expectancy of release [on parole]" that was "entitled to some measure of constitutional protection." The Nebraska statute provided in part:

"Whenever the Board of Parole considers the release of a committed offender who is eligible for release on parole, it shall order his release unless it is of the opinion that his release should be deferred because:

"(a) There is a substantial risk that he will not conform to the conditions of parole "(b) His release would depreciate the seriousness of his crime or promote disrespect for law;

"(c) His release would have a substantially adverse effect on institutional discipline; or

"(d) His continued correctional treatment, medical care, or vocational or other training in the facility will substantially enhance his capacity to lead a law-abiding life when released at a later date." 1

We emphasized that our decision rested on the "unique structure and language" of the Nebraska statute and cautioned that whether any other state statute created a liberty interest would have to be decided on a case-by-case basis. Id., at 12, 99 S.Ct., at 2106.

In this case respondent, a Delaware state prisoner, filed suit against petitioners, state prison officials, alleging that petitioners violated his due process rights when they denied him work release. The Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit examined the Delaware statutory provisions and regulations governing work release programs in light of Greenholtz and concluded that a liberty interest was implicated when respondent was denied work release. The court conceded that Delaware prison officials exercise substantial discretion in making work release decisions but concluded that their discretion is not unbounded. It determined that under Delaware law prison officials must exercise their discretion "consistently with the purpose and policy behind work release." 2 The court also observed that the State had established "an elaborate institutional system" for processing work release applications.3 Two separate committees must evaluate the inmate's fitness for work release and recommend that work release be granted before the inmate's application may be sub- mitted to the prison superintendent. In light of this three-tier review system, the court concluded that the superintendent could not reject work release applications for reasons that were unrelated to the purposes of the work release program. Since Delaware prison officials do not have unlimited discretion to deny work release to an inmate who meets the basic criteria for eligibility, the Court of Appeals held that under Greenholtz respondent had established an "expectancy of [work] release" that was entitled to constitutional protection.4 The court clearly rejected the view expressed in the dissenting opinion that respondent could not prevail under the standard established in Greenholtz since Delaware law does not provide that an eligible inmate shall be granted work release unless prison authorities determine, based on certain statutory criteria, that work release ought to be denied.

We did not expressly state in Greenholtz that the "shall . . . unless" language of the Nebraska statute was the critical factor underlying our determination that the statute created a liberty interest. However, other Courts of Appeals have examined parole release statutes lacking mandatory language and have concluded in light of Greenholtz that those statutes do not create...

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  • Fain, In re, Cr. A019142
    • United States
    • California Court of Appeals
    • 21 d5 Janeiro d5 1983
    ...with at greater length in Winsett v. McGinnes (3d Cir.1980) (en banc) 617 F.2d 996, cert. den. sub nom. Anderson v. Winsett (1981) 449 U.S. 1093, 101 S.Ct. 891, 66 L.Ed.2d 822. There, Delaware prison officials, because of their fear of adverse public reaction and legislative reprisals again......
  • Jackson v. Consolidated Rail Corp.
    • United States
    • United States Courts of Appeals. United States Court of Appeals (7th Circuit)
    • 23 d1 Janeiro d1 1984
    ...to resolving this issue is Hendley v. Central of Georgia Railroad, 609 F.2d 1146 (5th Cir.1980), cert. denied, 449 U.S. 1093, 101 S.Ct. 890, 66 L.Ed.2d 822 (1981). Hendley brought suit to enjoin the railroad for which he worked from conducting a disciplinary hearing relating to his alleged ......
  • Board of Pardons v. Allen
    • United States
    • United States Supreme Court
    • 9 d2 Junho d2 1987
    ...a presumption of release precludes a finding that a statute or regulation creates a liberty interest. See Anderson v. Winsett, 449 U.S. 1093, 101 S.Ct. 891, 66 L.Ed.2d 822 (1981) (WHITE, J., dissenting from denial of certiorari). But, as the following analysis of the decisions of the Courts......
  • Lucas v. Hodges
    • United States
    • United States Courts of Appeals. United States Court of Appeals (District of Columbia)
    • 23 d5 Março d5 1984
    ...228 (1981); Winsett v. McGinnes, 617 F.2d 996, 1003-04 (3d Cir.1980) (en banc), cert. denied sub nom. Anderson v. Winsett, 449 U.S. 1093, 101 S.Ct. 891, 66 L.Ed.2d 822 (1981); Lokey v. Richardson, 600 F.2d 1265 (9th Cir.1979) (per curiam), cert. denied, 449 U.S. 884, 101 S.Ct. 238, 66 L.Ed.......
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