Andrade v. Aetna Life & Cas. Co.

• Court: Appeals Court of Massachusetts
• Writing for the Court: GREENBERG
• Citation: Andrade v. Aetna Life & Cas. Co., 617 N.E.2d 1015, 35 Mass.App.Ct. 175 (Mass. App. 1993)
• Decision Date: 27 September 1993
• Docket Number: No. 91-P-996,91-P-996
• Parties: Michael ANDRADE v. AETNA LIFE & CASUALTY COMPANY.

Page 1015

617 N.E.2d 1015

35 Mass.App.Ct. 175

Michael ANDRADE v. AETNA LIFE & CASUALTY COMPANY.

No. 91-P-996.

Appeals Court of Massachusetts Suffolk.

Argued Jan. 19, 1993.

Decided Aug. 23, 1993.

Further Appellate Review Denied Sept. 27, 1993.

George F. Leahy, Boston, for plaintiff.

John P. Graceffa, Boston, for defendant.

Before ARMSTRONG, JACOBS and GREENBERG, JJ.

GREENBERG, Justice.

Michael Andrade, an injured employee of a corporation that was insured by Aetna Life & Casualty Company (Aetna), sought coverage under the uninsured motorist provisions of the corporation's standard commercial automobile insurance policy. The Superior Court, upon cross motions for summary judgment, determined that Andrade was not an "insured" under the policy provisions because he could not be considered a relative living in the household of the named insured when the named insured is a corporation. Judgment was entered for the defendant, and the plaintiff has appealed.

The dispositive facts, as must be the case when summary judgment is granted, are undisputed. Kelleher v. American Mut. Ins. Co. of Boston, 32 Mass.App.Ct. 501, 502, 590 N.E.2d 1178 (1992), citing Community Natl. Bank v. Dawes, 369 Mass. 550, 556, 340 N.E.2d 877 (1976). Andrade was hurt while working for the family construction company, the named insured, Bill Andrade & Sons, Inc. As he walked across a road near his work site, he was struck by an oncoming motor vehicle. At the time of the accident, Andrade was staying at his parents' house which doubled as the corporation's principal place of business. Before a settlement of the resulting tort claim could be negotiated, the insurer of the vehicle which struck Andrade filed for insolvency. Andrade then submitted claims for uninsured benefits against five motor vehicle insurance policies issued by the defendant to various family members and to the family business; the one we consider listed only the corporation as the named insured.

In compliance with G.L. c. 175, § 113L, the policy at issue provided uninsured motorist coverage and defined an insured as:

"(1) the named insured stated in item 1 of the declarations (herein also referred to as the 'principal named insured') and, while residents of the same household, the spouse of any such named insured and relatives of either;

(2) any other person while occupying an insured automobile; and

(3) any person, with respect to damages he is entitled to recover because of bodily injury to which this coverage applies sustained by an insured under (1) or (2) above."

The burden is on the party seeking coverage to demonstrate that he qualifies as an "insured." Kelleher v. American Mut. Ins. Co. of Boston, 32 Mass.App.Ct. at 504, 590 N.E.2d 1178. Andrade does not argue that he should be considered an insured under category two or three. It is undisputed that Andrade was not using an insured motor vehicle as a passenger or permissive user at the time of the accident. Instead, he contends that he is entitled, as a matter of law, to uninsured benefits under category one, as a relative of the named insured residing in the same household. ¹ Specifically, he argues that the words "household" and "relative" as delineated in the policy are ambiguous when the named insured is a corporation. Since Andrade was an employee of the corporation, resided at the corporation's principal place of business, and was engaged in its business pursuits at the time of the accident, he urges us to construe the policy so as to consider him "a relative of the corporation who resided in its household." Otherwise, he contends, no one would be covered within this category when the named insured is a corporation.

In effect, the plaintiff invites us to rewrite the policy, so as to enable him to obtain insurance coverage. Cf. Pinheiro v. Medical Malpractice Joint Underwriting Assn. of Mass., 406 Mass. 288, 292, 547 N.E.2d 49 (1989) (in stating that a clause on an insurance policy must be construed as written, the Supreme Judicial Court refused to substitute terms in the insurance policy for others requested by the defendant). Since we determine that no ambiguity exists, the invitation must be declined. Polzin v. Phoenix of Hartford Ins. Cos., 5 Ill.App.3d 84, 88, 283 N.E.2d 324 (1972); Meyer v. American Economy Ins. Co., 103 Or.App. 160, 163, 796 P.2d 1223 (1990) (the fact that there is no coverage under one category when the policy is read to mean what it unambiguously says does not, in itself, create an ambiguity).

In this context, the terms are unambiguous because they are not susceptible to any reasonable interpretation that would advance Andrade's cause. Ibid. See also Nicks v. Hartford Ins. Group, 291 So.2d 673, 674 (Fla.Dist.Ct.App.1974) (no ambiguity exists in insurance policy issued to corporation and defining insured as the spouse of any such named insured and relatives of either, while living in the same household). Where no ambiguity exists, the insurance policy is to be construed according to its ordinary meaning. Cardin v. Royal Ins. Co. of America, 394 Mass. 450, 453, 476 N.E.2d 200 (1985); Kelleher v. American Mut. Ins. Co. of Boston, 32 Mass.App.Ct. at 504, 590 N.E.2d 1178.

Although there may be many definitions which fit the terms "household" and "relative," none allows for Andrade's desired construction. In the context of automobile insurance, it has been recognized that "because modern society presents an almost infinite variety of possible domestic situations and living arrangements, the term 'household member' can have no precise or inflexible meaning." Vaiarella v. Hanover Ins. Co., 409 Mass. 523, 526-527, 567 N.E.2d 916 (1991), and cases cited. Analysis of the meaning of this term, thus, proceeds on a case-by-case basis. Id. at 527, 567 N.E.2d 916. Even under this flexible construction, a corporation is not a "domestic situation" or a "living arrangement." It has long been settled in the Commonwealth that a corporation is separate and distinct from its owners. McAlevey v. Litch, 234 Mass. 440, 441, 125 N.E. 606 (1920). That the corporation's headquarters was also the family home has no bearing on determining whether the corporation itself can have a household.

Likewise, "relative" has been defined as "a person connected with another by blood or affinity." Black's Law Dictionary 1289 (6th ed. 1990). See also Petition of the United States, 418 F.2d 264, 270 (1st Cir.1969). It has been suggested that this definition is further limited in the context of automobile insurance to include only "consanguines." Petition of the United States, supra at 271, and cases cited. Since a corporation is an artificial entity created by the law, Syrian Antiochean St. George Orthodox Church of Worcester v. Ghize, 258 Mass. 74, 80, 154 N.E. 839 (1927), it is incapable of having a relative or a household under even the broadest of definitions.

That an automobile liability policy issued to a corporation as the "named insured" does not provide coverage to a relative living in the household of a corporation is in line with the majority of jurisdictions that have addressed this issue. See Testone v. Allstate Ins. Co., 165 Conn. 126, 130, 328 A.2d 686 (1973) (where corporation was named insured, plaintiff could not be deemed named insured or designated insured even while acting in scope of his employment); Hogan v. Mayor & Aldermen of Savannah, 171 Ga.App. 671, 672, 320 S.E.2d 555 (1984) (where closely held corporation was "named insured," president, chairman of board, treasurer, general counsel and shareholder of corporation could not be deemed either named insured or a family member in...