Animal Legal Defense Fund v. Shalala

• Decision Date: 13 July 1995
• Docket Number: No. 94-5322,94-5322
• Parties: ANIMAL LEGAL DEFENSE FUND, et al., Appellants v. Donna SHALALA, Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services, et al., Appellees.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — District of Columbia Circuit

Page 363

53 F.3d 363

311 U.S.App.D.C. 292

ANIMAL LEGAL DEFENSE FUND, et al., Appellants v. Donna SHALALA, Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services, et al., Appellees.

No. 94-5322.

United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit.

Argued Feb. 28, 1995.

Decided May 9, 1995.

Rehearing Denied July 13, 1995.

Eric R. Glitzenstein, Washington, DC, argued the cause for appellants. With him on the briefs was Valerie J. Stanley.

Patricia A. Millett, Atty., U.S. Dept. of Justice, Washington, DC, argued the cause for the federal appellees. With her on the brief were Frank W. Hunger, Asst. Atty. Gen., Eric H. Holder, Jr., U.S. Atty., Leonard Schaitman and Mark B. Stern, Attys., U.S. Dept. of Justice.

Richard A. Meserve, Washington, DC, argued the cause for appellee Nat. Academy of Sciences. With him on the brief were John F. Duffy, James R. Wright and Audrey Byrd Mosley.

Before: EDWARDS, Chief Judge, WALD and RANDOLPH, Circuit Judges.

Opinion concurring in the result filed by Circuit Judge WALD.

HARRY T. EDWARDS, Chief Judge:

In May of 1994, the Animal Legal Defense Fund and two other organizations dedicated to the promotion of animal welfare (collectively "ALDF") brought this action in District Court under the Federal Advisory Committee Act, seeking to gain access to the meetings of a committee ("Revision Committee") created by the National Academy of Sciences to revise the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. In October of 1994, ALDF filed a motion for a preliminary injunction, which it subsequently amended, seeking to enjoin further work by the Revision Committee. The District Court denied the preliminary injunction on the ground that ALDF failed to show a likelihood of success on the merits, and ALDF appealed that decision.

We now dismiss ALDF's appeal as moot. On February 24, 1995, four days before oral argument in this appeal, the Revision Committee conducted its final meeting on the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. This occurrence rendered moot the subject of this appeal, i.e., the challenge to the trial court's denial of a preliminary injunction, because there were no more meetings of the Revision Committee to enjoin. The parties now lack a legally cognizable interest in the determination whether the preliminary injunction was properly denied--the sole question before this court. Accordingly, we dismiss this appeal as moot, vacate the District Court's order, and remand the case for consideration of the merits.

I. BACKGROUND

A. FACA

Congress enacted the Federal Advisory Committee Act ("FACA" or "Act"), 5 U.S.C. app. Secs. 1-15 (1988 & Supp. V 1994), in 1972, in an effort to assess the need for the "numerous committees, boards, commissions, councils, and similar groups which have been established to advise officers and agencies in the executive branch of the Federal Government." Id. Sec. 2(a); see also Public Citizen v. Dep't of Justice, 491 U.S. 440, 445-46, 109 S.Ct. 2558, 2562-63, 105 L.Ed.2d 377 (1989); Food Chemical News v. Young, 900 F.2d 328, 330 (D.C.Cir.1990). ¹ Under FACA, an "advisory committee" includes "any committee ... which is ... established or utilized by one or more agencies, in the interest of obtaining advice or recommendations for ... one or more agencies or officers of the Federal Government." 5 U.S.C. app. Sec. 3(2).

Those committees falling within the compass of the statutory definition of an "advisory committee" must adhere to FACA's provisions, which, among other things, require an advisory committee to file a charter, id. Sec. 9(c); to provide the public with advance notice of its meetings, id. Sec. 10(a)(2); to allow the public to attend its meetings, id. Sec. 10(a)(1); to keep detailed minutes of its meetings, id. Sec. 10(c); and, subject to Freedom of Information Act limitations, to make its documents available for public inspection, id. Sec. 10(b). The Act also requires a representative of the Federal Government with authority to adjourn such meetings, to be in attendance, id. Sec. 10(e), and prescribes that the membership be "fairly balanced in terms of the points of view represented and the functions" performed by the committee, id. Sec. 5(b)(2).

B. Proceedings Below

On October 6, 1992, the National Academy of Sciences ("NAS") submitted a grant proposal to the National Institutes of Health ("NIH") to revise the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals ("Guide"). The Guide, first published in 1963 and last updated in 1985, contains general guidelines for monitoring the care of laboratory animals and providing appropriate veterinary care and physical accommodations for those animals. On August 12, 1993, the Department of Health and Human Services ("HHS") approved the grant for the revision of the Guide, and, one month later, NAS assembled a team of fifteen individuals to serve on the Revision Committee. The Revision Committee met a number of times: on November 30, 1993, the committee held its first meeting; on December 1, 1993, February 2, 1994, and February 4, 1994, the committee held three public meetings; the committee met again on November 2-4, 1994, and the final meetings of the committee were held on February 22-24, 1995.

On May 6, 1994, ALDF brought suit in District Court, alleging that the Revision Committee was an "advisory committee" under FACA, and that the committee had failed to comply with the mandates of the Act. On October 14, 1994, ALDF moved for a preliminary injunction to bar appellees from utilizing the Revision Committee until they had complied with FACA. See Plaintiffs' Motion for Preliminary Injunction, ALDF v. Shalala, (No. 94cv1003) (filed Oct. 14, 1994). Appellants point out in their brief that, at the hearing on the motion for a preliminary injunction, they stressed to the trial court that they were not seeking any relief which would preclude the committee from meeting or which would in any other way disrupt the committee's work. Brief for Appellants at 15. Rather, they "sought an order that would simply afford them access to the meeting." ² Id. On October 25, 1994, the District Court held a hearing on the preliminary injunction and denied appellants' motion.

The District Court analyzed the request for a preliminary injunction under the test articulated by this circuit in Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Comm'n v. Holiday Tours, Inc., 559 F.2d 841, 843 (D.C.Cir.1977), and determined that ALDF satisfied three of the four factors justifying a preliminary injunction: ALDF would suffer irreparable harm if the preliminary injunction was not granted because it would be denied access to the Revision Committee's upcoming meeting; the harm to appellees would be "minimal harm at most" if an injunction were granted; and the public interest would be furthered by the public's attendance at the Revision Committee's meetings. Tr. of Hearing (Oct. 25, 1994) at 54-57, reprinted in Joint Appendix (J.A.) at 382-85. The District Court, however, denied the request for preliminary injunction on the ground that ALDF failed to demonstrate a reasonable likelihood of success on the merits of its claim. Id. at 57, reprinted in J.A. 385.

Appellants appealed the denial of the preliminary injunction and moved in District Court for an injunction pending appeal, which the District Court granted in part, enjoining appellees from "destroying any documents which pertain to the work of the committee." ALDF v. Shalala, No. 94cv1003, slip. op. at 2 (D.D.C. Oct. 31, 1994). Appellants filed another motion for an injunction pending appeal in this court, and on November 1, 1994, a panel of this court granted the motion in part, ordering NAS's Revision Committee to "preserve a record, through minutes or other suitable means," of the November meetings pending disposition of the appeal. ALDF v. Shalala, No. 94-5322, slip. op. at 1 (D.C.Cir. Nov. 1, 1994). The court also established an expedited briefing and argument schedule.

II. ANALYSIS

The only issue in this appeal is whether the District Court properly denied appellants' motion for a preliminary injunction. Appellants make clear that at the hearing on their motion for a preliminary injunction, they were not seeking relief which would preclude the Revision Committee from meeting or would in any way disrupt its work. Brief for Appellants at 15. Rather, the relief they "sought [was] an order that would simply afford them access to the meeting." Id. Because the Revision Committee has had its final meeting and no further meetings are contemplated, ³ this appeal is now moot, for there are no more meetings for appellants to attend. The parties no longer have a legally cognizable interest in the determination of whether the preliminary injunction was properly denied, see, e.g., Murphy v. Hunt, 455 U.S. 478, 481, 102 S.Ct. 1181, 1183, 71 L.Ed.2d 353 (1982) (per curiam) (appellee's claim to pre-trial bail was moot once he was convicted), so we are constrained to dismiss the appeal, see, e.g., National Kidney Patients Ass'n v. Sullivan, 902 F.2d 51, 54 (D.C.Cir.1990) (per curiam) (dismissing appeal as moot because preliminary injunction expired while on appeal).

This appeal presents another instance in which "one issue in a case has become moot, but the case as a whole remains alive because other issues have not become moot." University of Texas v. Camenisch, 451 U.S. 390, 394, 101 S.Ct. 1830, 1833, 68 L.Ed.2d 175 (1981) (finding challenge to injunction ordering university to provide interpreter for deaf student moot since university complied and student graduated, although issue as to who should bear cost remained to be decided). In this case, in their pursuit of a preliminary injunction, appellants sought only to gain entry to the meetings of the Revision Committee. The meetings have concluded, so an injunction cannot afford the relief that was sought. However, the underlying dispute, whether the Revision Committee is an "advisory committee" under FACA and whether...