Anslinger v. Wallace

• Decision Date: 01 June 1973
• Citation: 305 A.2d 797,124 N.J.Super. 184
• Parties: Dorothy ANSLINGER, Petitioner-Appellant, v. Carter WALLACE, Respondent-Respondent.
• Court: New Jersey Superior Court — Appellate Division

Page 184

124 N.J.Super. 184

305 A.2d 797

Dorothy ANSLINGER, Petitioner-Appellant, v. Carter WALLACE, Respondent-Respondent.

Superior Court of New Jersey Appellate Division.

Argued May 14, 1973.

Decided June 1, 1973.

George H. Conover, Jr., Perth Amboy, for petitioner-appellant (Levinson, Conover, Fink & Axelrod, Perth Amboy, attorneys).

Thomas H. Green, Newark, for respondent-respondent.

Before Judges FRITZ, LYNCH and TRAUTWEIN.

The opinion of the court was delivered by

FRITZ, J.A.D.

Petitioner appeals from the dismissal of her dependency claim petition in the Workmen's Compensation Division. The judge of compensation found and concluded that decedent's intoxication was the sole cause of the automobile accident, occurring following his attendance at a business dinner subsequent to which he had done further drinking elsewhere, which claimed his life.

The finding of fact as to decedent's intoxication is amply supported in the evidence. The record is replete with overwhelming testimony as to decedent's staggeringly and unbelievably inebriated state. Among the many factors mandating such a conclusion are, for instance, the fact that his blood alcohol was measured at .312%, and the fact that the accident occurred when decedent drove his automobile into and under the rear of a tractor-trailer truck as both were moving along route 22 in a westerly direction in Bridgewater Township.

Indeed, even now appellant's counsel not only does not dispute this gross intoxication, but concedes it. He argues, however, as he did below, that since an automobile was the instrumentality causing the death, intoxication was not the sole cause of the accident, and liability, therefore, cannot be avoided on this ground. The judge of compensation rejected this argument, as do we.

We realize that the employer had an interest in the decedent attending the function involved and that it should bear the risk of injuries incidental to the event and to the going to and coming therefrom. Ricciardi v. Damar Products Co., 45 N.J. 54, 211 A.2d 347 (1965). We are also aware that the risk need not exceed a 'usual and common one' to permit compensability. Cf. and contrast Henderson v. Celanese, 16 N.J. 208, 108 A.2d 267 (1954), overruled by George v. Great Eastern Food Products, Inc.,44 N.J. 44, 207 A.2d 161 (1965). But we do not deny compensation on the basis that the accident did not arise out of or in the course of the employment or that the death was not causally related to the injury. We deny compensation because N.J.S.A. 34:15--7 excludes otherwise compensable injuries 'when intoxication is the natural and proximate cause' thereof. As against appellant's argument that this exclusionary provision does not apply because the use of an automobile was involved and this factor combined with the incredible intoxication to produce the injury, we observe that to adopt this postion would result in the exclusion applying only if a workman died of or was disabled from alcoholism. We cannot conceive that the Legislature intended such a narrow meaning. To hold as appellant suggests would be, in efffect, to strike from the books the legislative enactment, for if it was not intoxication here solely responsible for the injury, it is unlikely that it shall ever be.

We arrive at this conclusion without offending the long-standing concept that the intoxication must be 'the' natural and proximate cause, not simply a contributory or concurring cause. Kulinka v. Flockhart Foundry Co.,9 N.J.Super. 495, 75 A.2d 557 (Cty.Ct.1950), aff'd sub nom. Bujalski v. Flockhart Foundry Co., 16 N.J.Super. 249, 84 A.2d 468 (App.Div.1951), certif. den. 8 N.J. 505, 86 A.2d 321 (1952). In Kulinka, concurrence was demonstrated by the presence of hazards or risks incidental to the employment contributing efficiently to the production of the accident. It was there observed that the employment might supply a setting, a stage, a situation, without necessarily constituting a concurring cause. Concurrency Vel non of an employment factor might be tested-- although possibly not invariably controlled--by whether the specific hazard involved in the accidental occurrence existed for the sober as well as the intoxicated.

Such a rule would, of course, bring the Ordinary hazards of driving within the ambit of employment factors as thus defined. But we will not extend this generous view of employment risks to the hazard of driving into and under the rear of a tractor-trailer truck proceeding in the same direction on a multi-lane...