Artrip v. E.E. Berry Equipment Co., 900063

• Decision Date: 09 November 1990
• Docket Number: No. 900063,900063
• Citation: 397 S.E.2d 821,240 Va. 354
• Parties: Karen ARTRIP, a/k/a Karen Belden v. E.E. BERRY EQUIPMENT COMPANY. Record
• Court: Virginia Supreme Court

Page 821

397 S.E.2d 821

240 Va. 354

Karen ARTRIP, a/k/a Karen Belden v. E.E. BERRY EQUIPMENT COMPANY.

Record No. 900063.

Supreme Court of Virginia.

Nov. 9, 1990.

R. Clayton Allen (Allen, Allen, Allen & Allen, Richmond, on briefs), for appellant.

Stephen A. Bryant (Bryant & Champlin, Richmond, on brief), for appellee.

Present: All the Justices.

STEPHENSON, Justice.

In this slip-and-fall case, we decide whether the trial court erred in striking the plaintiff's evidence and entering judgment in favor of the defendant. More specifically, we determine whether the trial court or a jury should have decided issues of negligence, contributory negligence, and assumption of risk.

Karen Artrip sued E.E. Berry Equipment Company (Berry) seeking damages for injuries she sustained when she slipped and fell on a snowbank. Artrip alleged that her injuries were proximately caused by Berry's negligence. In a jury trial, at the conclusion of Artrip's evidence, the trial court struck her evidence and entered judgment in Berry's favor. The court concluded that, as a matter of law, Berry was not guilty of negligence and Artrip was guilty of negligence and assumption of risk. Artrip appeals.

Berry was employed by a building owner's agent to remove snow from a parking lot that served the building. Artrip's employer was one of the tenants in the building.

Berry was an experienced, professional snow remover. According to the agent, Berry was required to clear the snow so cars and people could have access to the parking lot and to the building. Berry was required to perform the work "so people [would be] safe."

Snow had fallen on January 22, 1987, but had stopped before 8:00 p.m. No snow fell between 8:00 p.m. and the following morning when Artrip fell. Berry removed the snow from the parking lot during the late hours of January 22 and the early hours of the twenty-third.

Berry's owner and operator testified about the proper way to remove snow from a parking lot. He stated that the snow should be pushed away from entrances and sidewalks. This is achieved by angling the plow blade on the snow removal vehicle. When the blade is angled properly, a "certain amount" of snow will come off the end of the blade. However, a ridge of snow three feet high should not result.

On January 23, 1987, Artrip, age 28 years, was employed as a claims adjuster for an insurance company. The previous day, she had asked a co-worker to give her a ride to work the following morning if weather conditions were bad. Consequently, the following morning, Artrip walked from her apartment to the street where she met her co-worker. Artrip wore snow boots that had rough tread on the soles for traction.

The co-worker proceeded to drive to their place of employment. On their way, about 7:00 a.m., Artrip and the co-worker stopped at a convenience store for coffee. Although some "slush" was on the convenience store's parking lot, Artrip and her co-worker had no difficulty walking to and from the store.

They then proceeded to their destination. When they arrived at their employer's parking lot, they observed that the lot had been cleared of snow.

A sidewalk and a curb paralleled the front of the building. The snow that had been plowed from the parking lot was piled against the curb along the full length of the building. The resulting snowbank was partly on the parking lot and partly on the sidewalk.

After exiting the car, Artrip and her co-worker walked "carefully" across the parking lot toward the building's entrance. Each was carrying a cup of coffee.

Artrip and her co-worker approached the building to the left of the building's entrance because the height of the snowbank was lower there. The co-worker crossed the snowbank first without incident, and Artrip followed.

As she approached the bank, she stopped and looked for a place to put her left foot. She placed her left foot "up onto the edge of the snow being very careful." As she brought her right foot up, she slipped and fell. Artrip testified that neither the parking lot nor the snowbank appeared to be icy, but ice may have been hidden beneath the snow.

More than half the people who worked in the building came to work that morning. Many of them crossed the snowbank without incident at the place where Artrip fell.

Ordinarily, negligence is a jury issue. Only when reasonable minds could not differ does the issue become one of law to be decided by a court. Philip Morris Inc. v. Emerson, 235 Va. 380, 397, 368 S.E.2d 268, 277 (1988). To constitute actionable negligence, there must be a legal duty, a breach thereof, and a consequent injury. Bartlett v. Recapping, Inc., 207 Va. 789, 793, 153 S.E.2d 193, 196 (1967).

In ruling on a motion to strike a plaintiff's evidence, a trial court must view the evidence and all reasonable inferences deducible therefrom in the light most favorable to the plaintiff. Any reasonable doubt as to the sufficiency of the evidence must be resolved in the plaintiff's favor. Meeks v. Hodges, 226 Va. 106, 109, 306 S.E.2d 879, 881 (1983).

In the present case, the parties agree that Berry owed Artrip a duty to use reasonable care in removing the snow from the parking lot, and we agree. Berry contends, however, that the evidence is insufficient, as a matter of law, to prove a breach of the duty. We do not agree.

Berry admitted that a snow plow, if properly operated, would not cause snow to accumulate high against a curb bordering a parking lot. Artrip's evidence showed, however, that snow removed from the parking lot had been piled...