Asencio v. I.N.S., 93-5080

• Decision Date: 08 November 1994
• Docket Number: No. 93-5080,93-5080
• Citation: 37 F.3d 614
• Parties: Orestes J. ASENCIO, Petitioner, v. IMMIGRATION AND NATURALIZATION SERVICE, Respondent. Non-Argument Calendar.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Eleventh Circuit

Page 614

37 F.3d 614

Orestes J. ASENCIO, Petitioner, v. IMMIGRATION AND NATURALIZATION SERVICE, Respondent.

No. 93-5080

Non-Argument Calendar.

United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit.

Nov. 8, 1994.

Orestes J. Asencio, pro se.

Donald Couvillon, Richard M. Evans, Jane Gomez, David J. Kline, Dept. of Justice/OIL, Civil Div., Washington, DC, for respondent.

Petition for Review of an Order of the Board of Immigration Appeals.

Before ANDERSON, DUBINA and BLACK, Circuit Judges.

PER CURIAM:

Orestes J. Asencio ("Asencio"), a Florida inmate, appeals the affirmance of the Immigration Judge's final order of deportation and the denial of his request for a waiver of inadmissibility under 8 U.S.C. Sec. 1105a(a). This court finds no merit in Asencio's claims; thus, we affirm the judgment of the Immigration Judge.

I. FACTUAL BACKGROUND AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

Asencio, a native and citizen of Cuba, was admitted to the United States as a lawful permanent resident with an effective entry date of March of 1975. In October of 1980, he was convicted in Florida state court on charges of conspiring to commit a burglary, burglary of a structure, attempted murder in the first degree and unlawful possession of a firearm, and was sentenced to life imprisonment. On that same date, he was also convicted on unrelated charges of burglary and grand theft, and sentenced to fifteen years imprisonment for those offenses.

The Immigration and Naturalization Service ("INS") initiated deportation proceedings against Asencio in 1982. The INS charged him with deportability under Sec. 241(a)(4) of the Immigration and Nationality Act ("the Act"), 8 U.S.C. Sec. 1251(a)(4), as an alien who, after entry into the United States, was convicted of two crimes involving moral turpitude not arising out of a single scheme of criminal conduct. At his deportation hearing, Asencio acknowledged that his convictions for burglary and grand theft arose from an incident separate from that which gave rise to his attempted murder conviction, and that he had been incarcerated continuously since 1980.

Based upon his convictions, the Immigration Judge ("IJ") found him to be deportable under Sec. 241(a)(4). The IJ further held that Asencio's conviction for conspiracy to commit attempted first degree murder was an aggravated felony as defined in Sec. 101(a)(43) of the Act, 8 U.S.C. Sec. 1101(a)(43). As an aggravated felon who had been incarcerated for more than five years, Asencio was therefore ineligible for a waiver of inadmissibility under Sec. 212(c) of the Act, 8 U.S.C. Sec. 1182(c). Consequently, the IJ ordered Asencio deported to Cuba.

Asencio appealed the IJ's finding that he was ineligible for relief from deportation to the Board of Immigration Appeals ("the Board"). He argued that he could not be considered an aggravated felon under Sec. 101(a)(43) of the Act, as that subsection, enacted after the dates of his criminal convictions, did not apply retroactively. The Board affirmed the IJ's decision and dismissed Asencio's appeal. It found that Asencio was ineligible to apply for relief from deportation under Sec. 212(c) of the Act, 8 U.S.C. Sec. 1182(c), because that subsection, as amended in 1990, "provides that an alien who has been convicted of an aggravated felony and has served at least five years is ineligible for a waiver [of inadmissibility]." The Board noted that the statutory bar to relief applies to all felony convictions, regardless of when the crime was committed or conviction occurred. Asencio's timely pro se petition for review of the Board's decision followed.

II. DISCUSSION

A. Deportability

Asencio argues that the IJ erred in finding that he was deportable under Sec. 241(a) of the Act, because the INS did not prove by clear and convincing evidence that his state convictions involved crimes of moral turpitude and arose out of separate schemes of criminal conduct. He further asserts that the IJ abused his discretion by failing to consider his eligibility for a waiver of inadmissibility based on extreme hardship under Sec. 212(h) of the Act. The government contends that Asencio failed to exhaust these claims before the Board, and that this court therefore lacks jurisdiction to review them on appeal.

Under Sec. 106(c) of the Act, 8 U.S.C. Sec. 1105a(c), a court lacks jurisdiction to consider a claim which has not first been presented to the Board, as an alien must exhaust the administrative remedies available to him prior to obtaining judicial review. Melian v. I.N.S., 987 F.2d 1521, 1526 (11th Cir.1993); Perlera-Escobar v. Executive Office for Immigration, 894 F.2d 1292, 1296 (11th Cir.1990). Thus, because Asencio failed to challenge the IJ's finding that he is deportable or argue that he is eligible for a waiver of inadmissibility based on extreme hardship in his appeal before the Board, this court lacks jurisdiction to review these claims.

B. Waiver of Inadmissibility

Asencio argues that his 1980 conviction for conspiracy to commit attempted murder and incarceration for more than five years does not render him ineligible to receive a waiver of inadmissibility under Sec. 212(c) of the Act. He maintains that his conviction cannot be considered an aggravated felony as defined by Sec. 101(a)(43) of the Act, because that subsection did not contain an effective date, thereby indicating that Congress intended that it only have a prospective application. Because the term "aggravated felony" does not apply retroactively, Asencio concludes, then the statutory bar to waivers of inadmissibility contained in Sec. 212(c), which only becomes effective if the alien is convicted of an aggravated felony, also has no retroactive application. Asencio further argues that because the statutory bar in Sec. 212(c) only applies to aliens, it does not apply to deportation proceedings.

This court reviews an administrative agency's statutory interpretation de novo, but defers to the agency's interpretation if it is reasonable. Perlera-Escobar, 894 F.2d at 1296. Accordingly, at issue in the present case is whether the Board's determination that Sec. 212(c) of the Act applies retroactively to all aggravated felonies is a reasonable interpretation of that statute.

Section 212(c) provides, in relevant part, that "[a]liens lawfully admitted for permanent residence who temporarily proceeded abroad voluntarily and not under an order of deportation, and who are returning to a lawful unrelinquished domicile of seven consecutive years, may be admitted in the discretion of the Attorney General." While originally designed as a waiver of exclusion, this provision has been extended to provide relief from deportation orders as well. Jaramillo v. I.N.S., 1 F.3d 1149, 1150 (11th Cir.1993) (en banc). Section 212(c) was subsequently amended by Sec. 511(a) of the Immigration Act of 1990 ("IMMACT"), to include the proviso that "[t]he first sentence of this subsection shall not apply to an alien who has been convicted of one or more aggravated felonies and has served for such felony or felonies a term of imprisonment of at least five years."

The term "aggravated felony" was first introduced into the Act by Sec. 7342 of the Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988 ("ADAA"). As codified in 8 U.S.C. Sec. 1101(a)(43), the Act listed attempts and conspiracy to commit murder as offenses which would constitute an aggravated felony, but did not contain an effective date. Section 501(a) of IMMACT amended ...