Aydelotte v. State

• Court: Arkansas Court of Appeals
• Writing for the Court: Karen R. Baker
• Citation: Aydelotte v. State, 85 Ark. App. 67, 146 S.W.3d 392 (Ark. App. 2004)
• Decision Date: 11 February 2004
• Docket Number: No. CA CR 02-1176.,CA CR 02-1176.
• Parties: George AYDELOTTE v. STATE of Arkansas.

146 S.W.3d 392

85 Ark. App. 67

George AYDELOTTE v. STATE of Arkansas.

No. CA CR 02-1176.

Court of Appeals of Arkansas, Division III.

February 11, 2004.

Appeal from the Circuit Court, Conway County, Paul Edward Danielson, J William C. McArthur, Little Rock, for appellant.

Mike Beebe, Att'y Gen., by: Lauren Elizabeth Heil, Ass't Att'y Gen., Little Rock, for appellee.

KAREN R. BAKER, Judge.

Appellant, George Aydelotte, was convicted by a jury in Conway County Circuit Court of manufacturing methamphetamine, possession of methamphetamine, use of a communication facility, and simultaneous possession of drugs and firearms. He was sentenced to an aggregate term of twenty years' imprisonment in the Arkansas Department of Correction. Appellant has two arguments on appeal. First, he argues that the trial court erred in denying his motion to dismiss and his motion to suppress the evidence. Second, he argues that the evidence was insufficient to support the verdicts herein. We affirm.

On August 30, 2001, a warrant and affidavit were prepared seeking a search of appellant's residence. The warrant and affidavit were submitted to Paul Dumas, a Magistrate of Conway County Municipal Court and a city attorney for Plummerville. Dumas had previously been appointed to that position of magistrate by Scott Adams, Municipal Judge of Conway County. Four officers, including Chief of Police Hartman of the Plummerville Police Department, met with Dumas at the Morrilton Police Department that evening. After questioning the officers present regarding the affidavit, Dumas issued the search warrant. The search warrant was then executed. Dumas accompanied the officers to appellant's residence; however, he did not participate in the search. During the search, the remains of a recent methamphetamine lab were discovered in an out-building approximately thirty-five yards from appellant's residence. Testimony showed that the odor of ether was so strong that Officer Hartman had to back away from the building to let the air out before he could enter. In addition to the items used in the manufacture of methamphetamine and the methamphetamine residue, a loaded shotgun, one loaded pistol and two unloaded pistols were found in the out-building.

The State's forensic drug chemist testified that the method of manufacturing methamphetamine involving lithium metal and anhydrous ammonia was used in this case. The crime lab cannot test for anhydrous ammonia, but instead tests for the presence of ammonia. Ammonia was found in several places in the out-building. First, ammonia was found in a shop vac that was used as a filter to pull the ammonia vapors out of the reaction chamber and to expel the vapors outside the building. The water inside the shop vac also had trace amounts of ammonia. Second, a glass container also contained a white powder residue, sodium carbonate, which is a byproduct of using anhydrous ammonia. Third, the fittings on a portable air tank had a blue residue that indicated the presence of anhydrous ammonia. Although the chemist testified that there was not an active manufacture taking place when the police arrived, he stated that it was clear that the manufacturing process had already been completed.

Appellant and two others were charged as a result of the search. Before trial, appellant filed a motion to suppress the evidence, which was denied by the trial judge. Appellant was tried on July 30, 2002. During trial, appellant made a motion to dismiss, which was also denied. Appellant was ultimately convicted, and this appeal followed.

We first address appellant's challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence. See Atkinson v. State, 347 Ark. 336, 64 S.W.3d 259 (2002). A motion for directed verdict is a challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence. Cherry v. State, 80 Ark.App. 222, 95 S.W.3d 5 (2003). The test for determining sufficiency of the evidence is whether substantial evidence supports the verdict. Id. (citing Hatley v. State, 68 Ark.App. 209, 5 S.W.3d 86 (1999)). Evidence is substantial when it is forceful enough to compel a conclusion and goes beyond mere speculation or conjecture. Id. (citing Wortham v. State, 65 Ark.App. 81, 985 S.W.2d 329 (1999)). Circumstantial evidence can be sufficient to sustain a conviction when it excludes every other reasonable hypothesis consistent with innocence. Mace v. State, 328 Ark. 536, 539, 944 S.W.2d 830 (1997). The question of whether the circumstantial evidence excludes every hypothesis consistent with innocence is for the jury to decide. Ross v. State, 346 Ark. 225, 230, 57 S.W.3d 152, 156 (2001). It is unlawful for any person to manufacture, deliver, or possess with intent to manufacture or deliver a controlled substance. Ark.Code Ann. § 5-64-401(a) (Supp.2003). Arkansas Code Annotated section 5-64-101(m) (Repl.1997) defines "manufacture" in pertinent part as follows: "Manufacture" means the production, preparation, propagation, compounding, conversion, or processing of a controlled substance, either directly or indirectly by extraction from substances of natural origin, or independently by means of chemical synthesis, or by a combination of extraction and chemical synthesis.

Appellant specifically contends that the evidence was insufficient to support the manufacturing methamphetamine conviction because of the absence of anhydrous ammonia and that anhydrous ammonia was necessary to the manufacturing process. This argument is without merit. The State's forensic drug chemist testified that appellant was using the lithium metal and anhydrous ammonia method of manufacturing methamphetamine. The chemist testified that the crime lab could only test for the presence of ammonia because the lab could not specifically identify anhydrous ammonia. Ammonia was found in a shop vac that was used as a filter to pull the ammonia vapors out of the reaction chamber and to expel the vapors outside the building. The water inside the shop vac also had trace amounts of ammonia. A glass container also contained a white powder residue, sodium carbonate, which is a byproduct of using anhydrous ammonia, and the fittings on a portable air tank had a blue residue that indicated the presence of anhydrous ammonia. Although the chemist stated that there was not an active manufacture taking place when the police arrived, it appeared to him that the manufacturing process had already been completed. We hold that this testimony sufficiently explained the absence of the actual anhydrous ammonia in a lab where manufacturing had already occurred.

Appellant also argues that there was insufficient evidence of simultaneous possession of drugs and firearms. Appellant admitted that firearms were found in the shop in which the components used to manufacture methamphetamine were found. However, he asserts that because the State failed to prove that manufacturing had taken place (because there was no proof of any anhydrous ammonia) then there was insufficient evidence of simultaneous possession of drugs and firearms. Based on the analysis above, this argument is similarly without merit. A person commits the offense of simultaneous possession of drugs and firearms if he commits a felony violation of Ark.Code Ann. § 5-64-401, or attempts, solicits, or conspires to commit a felony violation of § 5-64-401 while in possession of a firearm. See Ark.Code Ann. § 5-74-106(a)(1) (Repl. 1997). It is a felony violation of Ark.Code Ann. § 5-64-401 to possess, manufacture, or attempt to manufacture methamphetamine. Ark.Code Ann. § 5-64-401(a)(1)(i) (Repl.1997).

Under these facts, appellant clearly possessed and manufactured methamphetamine at some point before the police arrived. After they arrived, a loaded shotgun was found approximately three feet inside the shop. Three other pistols were also found in the shop. The .22 magnum was loaded. The other two were not. The chemist testified that methamphetamine residue was found on several items in the shop and that manufacturing had clearly taken place. The discovery of loaded weapons found in the same building where methamphetamine had recently been manufactured was sufficient to meet the burden of proving that appellant was in simultaneous possession of drugs and a firearm.

Within his challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence, appellant also argues that the trial court erred in enhancing appellant's penalty in violation of Ark. Code Ann. § 5-64-418 (Supp.2003) for manufacturing methamphetamine with minor children in the same immediate area. However, appellant failed to make this argument below. It is well settled that we will not consider an argument raised for the first time on appeal. Pyle v. State, 340 Ark. 53, 8 S.W.3d 491 (2000) (citing Ayers v. State, 334 Ark. 258, 975 S.W.2d 88 (1998); McGhee v. State, 330 Ark. 38, 954 S.W.2d 206 (1997)).

Appellant's next argument on appeal is that the trial court erred in denying his motion to dismiss and his motion to suppress the evidence. In reviewing the denial of a motion to suppress evidence, the appellate court makes an independent examination based upon the totality of the circumstances and reverses only if the decision is clearly against the preponderance of the evidence. Hilton v. State, 80 Ark. App. 401, 96 S.W.3d 757 (2003). A determination of the preponderance of the evidence depends heavily on questions of credibility and weight to be given testimony, and the appellate court defers to the superior position of the trial court on those questions. Id. Furthermore, a motion to dismiss constitutes a challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence. See Ark. R.Crim. P. 33.1(b) (2003); Porter v. State, 82 Ark. App. 589, 120 S.W.3d 178 (2003). When we review a challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence, we will affirm the conviction if there is substantial evidence to support it, when viewed in the light most favorable to the State. Gilbert v. State, 341 Ark. 601, 19 S.W.3d 595 (2000) (citing Dodson v. State, 341 Ark. 41, 14 S.W.3d 489 ...