Aziz v. Leferve

• Decision Date: 21 October 1987
• Docket Number: No. 86-3263,86-3263
• Citation: 830 F.2d 184
• Parties: Thrameah AZIZ, Petitioner-Appellant, v. E.S. LEFERVE and Robert Abrams, Respondents-Appellees.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Eleventh Circuit

Page 184

830 F.2d 184

Thrameah AZIZ, Petitioner-Appellant, v. E.S. LEFERVE and Robert Abrams, Respondents-Appellees.

No. 86-3263.

United States Court of Appeals Eleventh Circuit.

Oct. 21, 1987.

Joel B. Toomey, Jacksonville, Fla., for petitioner-appellant.

John M. Koenig, Asst. Atty. Gen., Tallahassee, Fla., for respondents-appellees.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida.

Before TJOFLAT and KRAVITCH, Circuit Judges, and TUTTLE, Senior circuit judge.

TUTTLE, Senior Circuit Judge.

Appellant complains in this appeal of the dismissal without prejudice of his habeas corpus petition by the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida.

I. STATEMENT OF THE CASE

Aziz was convicted and incarcerated in Florida in 1976 when he pled guilty to charges of robbery. He completed his five-year sentence and was discharged from any Florida supervision on October 31, 1980. Subsequently, he was indicted in New York state on two felony counts of "robbery in the first degree." The prosecution filed a predicate felony statement indicating that Aziz had previously been convicted in Florida of a felony. The trial court in New York concluded in an order entered August 31, 1982, that petitioner's Florida crime would be considered a felony in New York and therefore "the defendant is a second-felony offender and he will be sentenced accordingly." The court also concluded that petitioner's Florida guilty plea was a "knowing, voluntary and intelligently made" one, and thus the Florida conviction was legally sufficient and constitutionally obtained.

Aziz entered a guilty plea to the New York charges and on September 23, 1983, he was convicted and sentenced. Because of the prior Florida felony conviction, petitioner's minimum possible sentence was extended from five to seven and one-half years.

Petitioner filed the instant action for habeas corpus relief in the District Court for the Southern District of New York, against the appellees, E.S. Leferve and Robert Abrams, his custodians in New York. The petition alleged, among other grounds, that petitioner's Florida conviction had been unconstitutionally obtained and should not have been used to enhance his New York sentence because he was not properly informed of his rights and in addition, was incompetent to understand the nature of the charges against him. Appellees, the New York custodians, moved the New York district court to transfer venue of this case pursuant to 28 U.S.C. Sec. 1404(a) to the District Court for the Middle District of Florida, since the Florida conviction had been obtained in Duval County, Florida. The district court entered its order transferring venue on September 19, 1985.

Upon the docketing of the petition in the Middle District, the United States Magistrate issued a show cause order directed to New York counsel for the New York respondents, requiring a response within 25 days. No response was made by the New York officials. No appearance has been made by them, or on their behalf, to date.

Instead of a response by the New York respondents, a motion to dismiss was filed by Louie L. Wainwright, the Florida official in charge of the Department of Corrections, who identified himself as "the respondent, Louie L. Wainwright, the real party in interest in said cause." The record does not disclose any notice or citation by the magistrate directed to Wainwright.

Although the caption of the motion noted Leferve and Abrams as "respondents," it was signed by two lawyers from the office of the Florida Attorney General's office, who signed as "counsel for respondent." As noted above, Wainwright was not a respondent in the petition for habeas corpus except by his own designation. Also, as previously indicated, there has never been any appearance by the respondents named in the petition for habeas corpus, the New York custodians.

The motion to dismiss was based upon the contention of Wainwright that the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida had no subject matter jurisdiction and also lacked personal jurisdiction over the respondents. After the filing of a response to the motion to dismiss, Wainwright's counsel agreed that the court had subject matter jurisdiction but pursued the motion to dismiss on the ground that the court lacked personal jurisdiction.

The magistrate's report and recommendation accepted this basis for dismissing the petition, and the trial court acquiesced and entered an order dismissing the petition for habeas corpus without prejudice to the filing of a new petition in the appropriate district court in the state of New York. This order is the subject of the present appeal.

II. DISCUSSION

A. Subject Matter Jurisdiction

As noted above, Wainwright's motion to dismiss first attacked the subject matter jurisdiction of the district court in light of the fact that Florida had no longer any custodial responsibilities over Aziz. Although this position was later modified when the Florida attorney general's office conceded subject matter jurisdiction, we must consider the issue since subject matter jurisdiction cannot be waived. It is plain here that the appellant is suffering directly from the effect of his Florida conviction in that his New York sentence has been enhanced by fifty percent because of that conviction. It is therefore clear under Carafas v. LaVallee, 391 U.S. 234, 88 S.Ct. 1556, 20 L.Ed.2d 554 (1968) and Craig v. Beto, 458 F.2d 1131 (5th Cir.1972) ¹, the collateral effect of the Florida conviction gives Aziz the right to challenge his Florida conviction by a petition for habeas corpus. In Craig, the Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit said:

Although federal habeas corpus is not available to challenge the validity of a state conviction after the sentence has been completely served, the action can be maintained upon an allegation that the conviction was used in a subsequent criminal proceeding for enhancement of a sentence which the petitioner is serving at the time of filing the habeas action.

458 F.2d at 1134.

It is clear therefore that the district court had subject matter jurisdiction.

B. Personal Jurisdiction

As stated by appellant, it would be "incredible" for the State of New York, if it had actually done so, to claim that the Middle District of Florida did not have jurisdiction over the respondent New York officials when they are the respondents who filed the motion in the Southern District of New York to transfer the case to the Middle District of Florida. The transfer was made under 28 U.S.C. Sec. 1404(a) (a transfer from one district to another on the theory of forum non conveniens.) Of course, as we have already noted, the New York respondents did not actually make a contention that Middle District of Florida had no personal jurisdiction over them. This contention was made only by the...