B. Braun Medical Inc. v. Abbott Laboratories

• Decision Date: 28 June 1995
• Docket Number: Civ. A. No. 93-3883.
• Citation: 892 F. Supp. 112
• Parties: B. BRAUN MEDICAL INC., Plaintiff, v. ABBOTT LABORATORIES and NP Medical, Inc., Defendants.
• Court: U.S. District Court — Eastern District of Pennsylvania

892 F. Supp. 112

B. BRAUN MEDICAL INC., Plaintiff, v. ABBOTT LABORATORIES and NP Medical, Inc., Defendants.

Civ. A. No. 93-3883.

United States District Court, E.D. Pennsylvania.

June 28, 1995.

Albert G. Bixler, Daniel Segal, Hangley, Connolly, Epstein, Chicco, Fox and Ewing, Philadelphia, PA, William G. Todd, Porter F. Fleming, and Richard E. Parke, Hopgood, Calimafde, New York City, for plaintiff.

Benjamin J. Naitove, Philadelphia, PA, Lee Carl Bromberg, and Robert L. Kann, Boston, MA, for defendant.

MEMORANDUM & ORDER

HUYETT, District Judge.

I. BACKGROUND

B. Braun Medical, Inc. ("Braun" or "Plaintiff") commenced this action against Abbott Laboratories ("Abbott") and Nypro, Inc. ("Nypro") (Abbott and Nypro together, "Defendants") alleging Defendants' Luer Activated Valve ("NP LAV") infringed U.S. Patent No. 4,683,916, assigned to Braun and entitled NORMALLY CLOSED AUTOMATIC REFLUX VALVE ("916 Patent"). During a jury trial, the issues of claim interpretation, patent misuse, and equitable estoppel were submitted to the jury in the form of special interrogatories. Following return of the jury's answers and Plaintiff's timely objection, the Court entered an order directing the parties to brief the question of whether those issues may properly be submitted to the jury for determination. B. Braun Medical, Inc. v. Abbott Laboratories and NP Medical, Inc., C.A. No. 93-3883 (E.D.Pa. Nov. 30, 1994). For the reasons discussed below, the Court will deny Plaintiff's objections concerning the issues of claim interpretation, infringement by the doctrine of equivalents, patent misuse, and equitable estoppel.

II. DISCUSSION

A. Claim Interpretation

Braun claimed, inter alia, that Defendants' NP LAV infringed element 5 of claim one of the 916 patent which requires "means with the other body element for holding said disc firmly against said first means in such a manner that said disc is restrained from sideways movement." Abbott and NP defended on the ground that, properly interpreted, the 916 patent claimed only a traverse bar for performing this function. The traverse bar is indisputably absent in the NP LAV. Braun responded that the traverse bar structure was only specifically required by dependent claim ten of 916 patent and that the function performed by the means claimed in element 5 was performed by the valve seat and plunger in either valve. See B. Braun Medical, Inc. v. Abbott Laboratories and Nypro, Inc., C.A. No. 93-3883, 1994 WL 466654 (E.D.Pa. Aug. 29, 1994) (denying Defendants' motion for summary judgment on the issue of infringement).

Special Interrogatory Number One required the jury to determine whether "the traverse bar is the only means claimed by claim one of the 916 patent to perform the limitation described in element 5 of claim one ... or ... whether the means claimed ... includes the valve seat and plunger as well as the traverse bar?" Plaintiff contends the Court erred in submitting this interrogatory to the jury because it concerns claim interpretation which is a question of law solely for the Court.

The Federal Circuit has developed a two part test for determining infringement of means and function limitations. The accused device must: (1) incorporate the means for performing the function described in the specification or a substantial structural equivalent of that means, and (2) perform the identical function required by the limitation. Id. (citing Johnston v. IVAC Corp., 885 F.2d 1574, 1580 (Fed.Cir.1989); Intellicall, Inc. v. Phonometrics, Inc., 952 F.2d 1384, 1388-89 (Fed.Cir.1992)). Regarding interpretation of means plus function claims, the Federal Circuit has stated:

To interpret means plus function limitations as limited to a particular means set forth in the specification would be to nullify the provision of § 112 requiring that the limitation shall be construed to cover the structure described in the specification and equivalents thereof. In construing a means plus function claim, as also other types of claims, a number of factors may be considered, including the language of the claim, the patent specification, the prosecution history of the patent, other claims in the patent, and expert testimony. Once such factors are weighed, the scope of the means claim may be determined. Here, appellants have contended ... that the independent means claims of the 916 patent must be construed to cover a § 112 equivalent, and that the valve seat and plunger is such a § 112 equivalent. Whether that accused device is a § 112 equivalent of the described embodiment is a question of fact.

P.M. Palumbo v. Don-Joy Co., 762 F.2d 969, 974 (Fed.Cir.1985) (citations and internal quotations omitted). By claiming that either the traverse bar or the valve seat and plunger could perform the identical function required by element 5 of claim one, Plaintiff created a factual issue which was dispositive of the questions of interpretation and infringement of element 5. "The determination of the scope of the claim — its interpretation and proper construction — while denominated a question of law is in many cases based on the facts...." Lemelson v. General Mills, Inc., 968 F.2d 1202, 1207 (Fed.Cir. 1992), cert. denied, ___ U.S. ___, 113 S.Ct. 976, 122 L.Ed.2d 131 (1993). Underlying factual disputes regarding claim interpretation "become the jury's province to resolve in the course of rendering its verdict on infringement." Id. Accordingly, special interrogatory one was properly submitted to the jury.

Braun argues, in addition, that the Court erred in instructing the jury on the issue of claim interpretation by refusing some of Braun's requested instructions. To overturn the verdict on the grounds of improper jury instructions, Braun must prove "(1) that the jury instructions, when read in their entirety, were incorrect, and (2) that Braun's alternative instructions could have cured the error." Goodwall Const. Co. v. Beers Const. Co., 991 F.2d 751, 755 (Fed.Cir.1993). Braun's only suggestion of error is that the jury "was not made aware of the applicable Federal Circuit authority." Pl.'s Mem. at 3. The Court disagrees and believes that the charge, as a whole, clearly and adequately instructed the jury on the law of claim interpretation. The Court's reasons for refusing Braun's requested instructions were stated on the record at the charge conference and need not be repeated here.

B. Doctrine of Equivalents

In its memorandum, Braun, for the first time, contends that infringement under the doctrine of equivalents is a question of law which the Court erroneously submitted to the jury. Braun has not previously voiced this objection and it is not an issue on which the Court directed briefing in its November 30th Order. In fact, Braun's proposed jury instruction number 11, approved by the Court at the charge conference, directs the jury to consider infringement under the doctrine of equivalents. Pl.'s Proposed Jury Instructions dated Nov. 3, 1994 at 25-26. Braun's objections to Defendants' proposed jury instructions state "Braun additionally objects to defendants' position that the doctrine of equivalents should not be submitted to the jury."...