B.H. by Pierce v. Murphy, 92-1136

Decision Date14 January 1993
Docket NumberNo. 92-1136,92-1136
Citation984 F.2d 196
PartiesB.H., C.H., J.E., C.Z., E.G., O.G., S.G., C.G., P.G. and A.G., by their next friend, Susan Tone PIERCE, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated, Plaintiffs-Appellees, v. Patrick T. MURPHY, Cook County Public Guardian, Proposed Intervening Plaintiff-Appellant, v. Sterling M. RYDER, Acting Director of the Illinois Department of Children and Family Services, Defendant-Appellee.
CourtU.S. Court of Appeals — Seventh Circuit

Michael L. Brody, Jeanne L. Nowaczewski, Lynn E. Rzonca, Schiff, Hardin & Waite, Lee A. Lowder, Office of the Public Guardian, Benjamin S. Wolf, Susan Wishnick, Roger Baldwin Foundation of ACLU, Inc., Patrick T. Murphy (argued), Kathleen G. Kennedy, Chicago, IL, for plaintiffs-appellees.

Susan Getzendanner, Christina M. Tchen (argued), Charles F. Smith, Kimberley K. Baer, Hilary K. Krane, Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom, Chicago, IL, for defendant-appellee.

Before CUDAHY, RIPPLE, and KANNE, Circuit Judges.

CUDAHY, Circuit Judge.

Twice the Cook County Public Guardian, Patrick Murphy, sought to intervene in this action against the Director of the Illinois Department of Children and Family Services. Twice his motions were denied. Now, after this court dismissed his appeal of the second denial of intervention and after the two original parties entered a consent decree that the district judge approved as fair, reasonable and adequate, Mr. Murphy appeals both district court orders denying his motions to intervene and also challenges the fairness and adequacy of the consent decree. We dismiss Mr. Murphy's appeal for lack of jurisdiction on grounds of untimeliness and because, with respect to the decree, he lacks standing to challenge the district court's rulings.

I.

The Department of Children and Family Services (DCFS) is the state agency responsible for providing protective and welfare services to abused and neglected children and their families. The plaintiffs here--a class of all children who have been or will be in the custody of the DCFS and placed by it somewhere other than with their biological parents--filed suit in June of 1988 seeking declaratory and injunctive relief against the Director of the DCFS. 1 They asserted that various DCFS actions violated their right to adequate and safe placements and care under the Fourteenth Amendment, 42 U.S.C. § 1983 and the Adoption Assistance and Child Welfare Act of 1980, 42 U.S.C. §§ 620-28, 670-79(a).

On May 30, 1989, the district court granted in part and denied in part DCFS's motion to dismiss the action. B.H. v. Johnson, 715 F.Supp. 1387 (N.D.Ill.1989). Specifically, the court held that the plaintiffs stated valid claims under the Fourteenth Amendment for violations of their constitutional right "to be free from arbitrary intrusions upon their physical and emotional well-being while directly or indirectly in state custody, and to be provided with adequate food, shelter, clothing, medical care, and minimally adequate training to secure these basic constitutional rights." Id. at 1405. The court also determined that the plaintiffs set forth a proper claim for violations of the Adoption Assistance and Child Welfare Act's case plan and case review requirements, but dismissed the plaintiffs' equal protection claims, their due process claims for violation of state statutory provisions and their remaining substantive due process claims. Id.

After extensive discovery over the course of two years, the parties agreed in August 1990 to the district judge's suggestion that they work toward settlement with the help of court-appointed experts who would assess DCFS's procedures and recommend improvements. The settlement process, conducted pursuant to Federal Rule of Evidence 706, 2 culminated in the consent decree, which the district court approved on December 20, 1991. This document imposes detailed requirements upon the DCFS in areas ranging from case management and case planning to assessments and accountability.

Mr. Murphy, meanwhile, was not satisfied with how the case was proceeding. He contended that his status as guardian ad litem for thousands of children in the juvenile court system gave him a substantial interest in the proceedings and justified his participation. Under the Juvenile Court Act of Illinois, a guardian ad litem must be appointed upon the filing in state court of a petition alleging child abuse or neglect, Juvenile Court Act § 2-17, Ill.Rev.Stat. ch. 37, § 802-17 (1990), and Mr. Murphy serves in that role in the Cook County juvenile court system. In September 1990 he filed a motion to intervene in this case, complaining that the counsel for the plaintiffs' class were inadequately representing them. The district court denied the motion, holding that Mr. Murphy failed to demonstrate a direct interest or to explain why his expertise was essential to resolution of the case. The court also based its denial on timeliness grounds, noting that intervention at that stage in the settlement process "would clearly be disruptive." Transcript of Proceedings of Nov. 7, 1990, at 9. Mr. Murphy did not appeal. 3

Mr. Murphy again moved to intervene on April 24, 1991, on essentially the same grounds offered in his first motion. When the district court denied that motion, he appealed to this court, which dismissed the appeal for lack of jurisdiction on July 8, 1991. Mr. Murphy now appeals both district court orders denying his motions to intervene; he also challenges the district judge's orders entering the consent decree and denying his motions to compel discovery, to expand distribution of notice and to request an evidentiary hearing and continuance of the fairness hearing.

II.

We turn first to the timeliness of Mr. Murphy's appeal of the denial of his motions to intervene. Appeals must be filed within thirty days after the date of entry of the judgment or order appealed from. Fed.R.App.P. 4(a)(1). Mr. Murphy filed this appeal on January 16, 1992. Thus, this appeal's challenge of the district judge's November 7, 1990, denial of intervention--an immediately appealable order--is untimely. Similarly, Mr. Murphy's appeal of the denial (on April 26, 1991) of his second motion to intervene (a virtual carbon copy of the first) also is untimely. Even if the present appeal of the April 26, 1991, order were filed within the thirty-day time period, this court has already considered and dismissed that appeal in July of 1991 and Mr. Murphy cannot attempt to revive it now.

Mr. Murphy argues that the present appeal is not untimely because this court's July 1991 dismissal of his earlier appeal instructed him to wait until the end of the case. That contention is unfounded. We based that dismissal on the untimeliness of the appeal--namely, Mr. Murphy's improper attempt, by filing a virtually identical intervention motion, to circumvent his failure to appeal the first motion's denial within the required time. See Order of July 8, 1991, at 2. An order denying intervention is final and appealable. Dickinson v. Petroleum Conversion Corp., 338 U.S. 507, 513, 70 S.Ct. 322, 325, 94 L.Ed. 299 (1950); United States v. City of Oakland, 958 F.2d 300, 302 (9th Cir.1992); see also 7C Charles A. Wright, Arthur R. Miller & Mary K. Kane, Federal Practice and Procedure: Civil 2d § 1923, at 508 (1986 & Supp.1991). By necessity such an order is subject to immediate review, because denial of intervention precludes the proposed intervenor's ability to appeal the later judgment (and at that time to challenge the earlier denial of intervention). See Stringfellow v. Concerned Neighbors in Action, 480 U.S. 370, 378, 107 S.Ct. 1177, 1183, 94 L.Ed.2d 389 (1987); City of Oakland, 958 F.2d at 302. Although we noted in the order dismissing the appeal of July 1991 that parties can wait until the case's conclusion and appeal from the final decision, see Order of July 8, 1991, at 2, this option is limited to parties or successful intervenors; neither of these terms describes the Public Guardian. By definition, an order denying intervention cannot be appealed by a party or by a successful intervenor. Such an order is "interlocutory" in the sense that it is entered during the course of the litigation and prior to final judgment in the entire case; in all other respects, however, it is final and must be appealed within 30 days or not at all. We therefore lack jurisdiction to consider Mr. Murphy's untimely appeal of the denials of intervention.

Turning to Mr. Murphy's other complaints about the district court's rulings--most notably the court's approval of the consent decree--we find it unnecessary to reach the merits because Mr. Murphy, a non-party, lacks standing to challenge those rulings. As the Supreme Court stated in Marino v. Ortiz, 484 U.S. 301, 108 S.Ct. 586, 98 L.Ed.2d 629 (1988), "[t]...

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