Babcock v. Farmers Ins. Exchange

• Decision Date: 04 May 2000
• Docket Number: No. 99-656.,99-656.
• Citation: 2000 MT 114,999 P.2d 347
• Parties: Kella BABCOCK, Plaintiff and Appellant, v. FARMERS INSURANCE EXCHANGE, Defendant and Respondent.
• Court: Montana Supreme Court

999 P.2d 347

2000 MT 114

Kella BABCOCK, Plaintiff and Appellant, v.FARMERS INSURANCE EXCHANGE, Defendant and Respondent.

No. 99-656.

Supreme Court of Montana.

Submitted on Briefs March 30, 2000.

Decided May 4, 2000.

Christian T. Nygren; Milodragovich, Dale, Steinbrenner & Binney, Missoula, Montana, For Appellant.

William R. Bieler; Williams & Ranney, Missoula, Montana, For Respondent.

Justice W. WILLIAM LEAPHARTdelivered the Opinion of the Court.

¶ 1AppellantKella Babcock(Babcock) appeals from the order of the Fourth Judicial District Court, Missoula County, granting summary judgment in favor of Respondent Farmers Insurance Exchange (Farmers).

¶ 2We affirm.

¶ 3 The following issue is presented on appeal:

¶ 4 Whether the District Court correctly concluded that the liability portion of Babcock's insurance policy did not provide coverage for a horse trailer.

Standard of Review

¶ 5 The interpretation of an insurance contract is a question of law.SeeStutzman v. Safeco Ins. Co. of America(1997), 284 Mont. 372, 376, 945 P.2d 32, 34.We review a district court's conclusions of law de novo to determine whether they are correct.SeeSteer, Inc. v. Dept. Of Revenue(1990), 245 Mont. 470, 474-75, 803 P.2d 601, 603.Our standard of review in appeals from grants of summary judgment is de novo.SeeMeyer v. Creative Nail Design, Inc.,1999 MT 74, ¶ 13, 294 Mont. 46, ¶ 13, 975 P.2d 1264, ¶ 13.To be granted summary judgment, the "moving party has the burden of showing a complete absence of any genuine issue as to all facts considered material in light of the substantive principles that entitle the moving party to judgment as a matter of law and all reasonable inferences are to be drawn in favor of the party opposing summary judgment."Kolar v. Bergo(1996), 280 Mont. 262, 266, 929 P.2d 867, 869.

Factual and Procedural Background

¶ 6The parties have stipulated to the following facts.Babcock purchased insurance for her Ford truck from Farmers.In August, 1997 Babcock borrowed a neighbor's horse trailer and attached it to her truck.Her truck's trailerball had a diameter of two inches.However, the trailer she borrowed had a hitch that required a two and 5/8ths inch diameter ball.Babcock attempted to tow the trailer with her truck's two-inch trailerball.While she drove on highway 12, the trailer came unhooked, left the road, and struck a fence.The trailer and fence were damaged.

¶ 7 Farmers paid Babcock for the full cost of the fence's repair.Babcock requested that Farmers also pay for damage to the horse trailer that she estimated at $4,500.Farmers paid $500 toward the trailer, that amount constituting her policy's limit for collision and comprehensive coverage.

¶ 8 In June, 1998 Babcock brought suit in Justice Court, claiming that Farmers was required to pay for the damage to the horse trailer under the provisions of her liability coverage.The Justice Court granted summary judgment in favor of Babcock.Farmers appealed that decision to District Court.The District Courtsua sponte determined that the case was appropriate for summary judgment and granted summary judgment in favor of Farmers, concluding that the "plain and ordinary language of the policy's exclusions to liability prevents coverage for damage to the horse trailer beyond the express limitation."From that judgment and order Babcock appeals.

Discussion

¶ 9 Whether the District Court correctly concluded that the liability portion of Babcock's insurance policy did not provide coverage for a horse trailer.

¶ 10 Babcock's policy with Farmers provided in pertinent part:

Exclusions

This coverage does not apply to:

. . . .

7.Damage to property owned or being transported by an insured person.

8.Damage to property rented to, or in the charge of, an insured person except a residence or private garage not owned by that person.

¶ 11 Babcock argues that the provisions of her policy are inherently ambiguous and that the doctrine of reasonable expectations should defeat the exclusionary provisions of the policy.Babcock argues that under her policy's provisions, a consumer of average intelligence would have believed that if an insured became liable for damages to a trailer, Farmers would cover the damages.In support of her contention, Babcock points to "Coverage B" of the policy, which provides that Farmers will "pay damages for which any insured person is legally liable because of . . . property damage arising out of the ownership, maintenance, or use of a . . . trailer."Babcock argues further that because the policy defines insured car as including "any utility trailer . . . while attached to your car," the policy's exclusions only apply "when the property damaged is `being transported.'"Babcock argues that the trailer was not transported when it was damaged because it had separated from her truck.

¶ 12 Babcock asserts further that exclusion 7 fails to define "property" and that it is therefore ambiguous.Noting that her policy elsewhere defines utility trailer, Babcock argues that had Farmers intended to specifically exclude trailers from coverage, it "needed to have done so with particularity and precision."Babcock also argues that the phrase "being transported by" is ambiguous and that it is reasonable to interpret this phrase to refer to "items of property within the insured vehicle without actually referring to the vehicle itself."

¶ 13 Babcock further contends that exclusion 8 is ambiguous because property again is not defined and because the term "`in the charge of is problematic and equivocal."Babcock suggests that "in charge of suggests a legal responsibility on the part of the person charged with the property in question.Babcock asserts that she"ha[d] no such formal, legally binding agreement with the third-party owner of the borrowed horse trailer."Babcock relies on Miller v. Elite Ins. Co.(1980), 100 Cal.App.3d 739, 161 Cal. Rptr. 322, where the court concluded that an insurance policy's exclusion, which referred to "`property owned or transported by the insured, or property rented to or in charge of the insured,'" was ambiguous because that language did not indicate whether "property" referred to real property or chattel goods.Miller,161 Cal.Rptr. at 329.

¶ 14 Farmers responds that Babcock has fundamentally misconstrued the purpose of a liability policy and that as a general rule liability policies do not cover damage to the insured's own property or to property within her control.Farmers argues that to receive coverage for such property, the insured must obtain collision or comprehensive coverage.Farmers recognizes that Babcock had collision coverage but notes that her coverage was limited to $500, which Farmers has paid.

¶ 15 Farmers argues further that...