Bahr v. Bahr

• Decision Date: 09 April 1975
• Docket Number: Docket No. 21245,No. 3,3
• Citation: Bahr v. Bahr, 230 N.W.2d 430, 60 Mich.App. 354 (Mich. App. 1975)
• Parties: Luwella BAHR, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Merlin BAHR, Defendant-Appellant
• Court: Court of Appeal of Michigan

Page 430

230 N.W.2d 430

60 Mich.App. 354

Luwella BAHR, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Merlin BAHR, Defendant-Appellant.

Docket No. 21245.

Court of Appeals of Michigan, Division No. 3.

April 9, 1975.

Released for Publication June 26, 1975.

Leave to Appeal Denied July 2, 1975.

O'Toole & Johnson by Thomas J. O'Toole, Muskegon, for defendant-appellant.

Jerome R. Sanford, Muskegon, for plaintiff-appellee.

Before BRONSON, P.J., and CAVANAGH and WALSH, JJ.

WALSH, Judge.

This is an appeal as of right from a circuit court order denying Merlin Bahr's petition for change of custody of three of his four minor children.

On April 25, 1966, a judgment of divorce was entered terminating the marriage between Luwella and Merlin Bahr, with caustody of the parties' four minor children awarded to Mrs. Bahr. Mr. Bahr sought custody of all four children through a petition dated April 25, 1969. Former Circuit Judge Albert J. Engel, in an exhaustive opinion, determined that physical custody of the children should in fact ve placed with Mary B. Priest, a maternal aunt, and her husband, rather than with the father.

During the year 1972 Bruce, who was then 15 years old, left the Priests to live with his father. Mr. Bahr remarried and established a home with his second wife and her two children by a former marriage. We should point out that Mr. Bhar has at all times remained current in his support payments and has regularly exercised his visitation privileges.

On June 18, 1974, Mr. Bahr moved to vacate a prior order amending his judgment of divorce and sought a transfer of custody from the Priests to himself. At that time the ages of the three children were 13, 12, and 8. This petition was considered and denied by Muskegon County Circuit Judge John H. Piercey.

Section 8 of the Child Custody Act of 1970, M.C.L.A. § 722.21 et seq.; M.S.A. § 25.312(1) et seq., provides the general guideline of appellate review:

'* * * all orders and judgments or the circuit court shall be affirmed on appeal unless the trial judge made findings of fact against the great weight of evidence or committed a palpable abuse of discretion or a clear legal error on a major issue.' M.C.L.A. § 722.28; M.S.A. § 28.312(8).

Section 7 of the act is the starting point for our inquiry of this particular case and provides, in pertinent part:

'The court shall not modify or amend its previous judgments or orders or issue a new order so as to change the established custodial environment of a child unless there is presented clear and convincing evidence that it is in the best interest of the child.' M.C.L.A. § 722.27(c); M.S.A. § 25.312(7)(c).

It is not disputed that the custodial environment of the Bahr children, within the meaning of that section, had been established with the Priests over the five years they were together. It would have been improper to disturb this relationship unless clear and convincing evidence was presented showing that such a change would be in the best interests of each child affected.

The factors to be considered in determining the best interests of the children are enumerated in section 3. Parrott v. Parrott, 53 Mich.App. 635, 220 N.W.2d 176 (1974). They include:

'(a) The love, affection and other emotional ties existing between the competing parties and the child.

'(b) The capacity and disposition of competing parties to give the child love, affection and guidance and continuation of the educating and raising of the child in its religion or creed, if any.

'(c) The capacity and disposition of competing parties to provide the child with food, clothing, medical care or other remedial care recognized and permitted under the laws of this state in lieu of medical care, and other material needs.

'(d) The length of time the child has lived in a stable, satisfactory environment and the desirability of maintaining continuity.

'(e) The permanence, as a family unit, of the existing or proposed custodial home.

'(i) The reasonable preference of the child, if the court deems the child to be of sufficient age to express preference.'

Relative to these considerations we note that the Priests have raised the children as their own since 1969, provided their education, and encouraged their musical interests and participation in extra-curricular activities. The trial judge spent almost an hour with the children and found them to be happy, intelligent young people with 'a degree of stability not often found in children of divorced parents'. The children's material needs have been well met, and while there is no evidence that they would suffer in the event of a change of custody to their father, it is a fact that Mr. Bahr would be providing for six children instead of the three he now supports. Relative to section 3(d) and (e) we note further that the Priests have been married 18 years and have provided a 'stable, satisfactory environment' for the children for a period of almost six years.

One factor, (i), the 'reasonable preference' of the children, clearly preponderates in favor of the Priests. During the trial judge's interview with the children, they expressed a clear preference to live with their aunt, although they wished to continue seeing their father.

Petitioner urges that section 5 of the Child Custody Act mandates a change of custody in his favor. That section provides:

'Sec. 5. * * * when the dispute is between the parent or parents and an agency or a third person, it is presumed that the best interests of the child are served by awarding custody to the parent or parents, unless the contrary is established by clear and convincing evidence.' M.C.L.A. § 722.25; M.S.A. § 25.312(5).

The trial judge considered the presumption, which operated in favor of Mr. Bahr, but found it had been rebutted by 'clear and convincing evidence' that the children's best interests would be served by maintaining the status quo.

The trial judge specifically did not find nor was there any evidence to support a finding that the petitioner was an unfit parent or that he had neglected or abandoned the children.

Prior to the Child Custody Act of 1970, in a dispute between a parent and a third party or agency the best interests of the child were deemed to be served by awarding custody to the...