Baker v. Com., 820841

• Decision Date: 11 March 1983
• Docket Number: No. 820841,820841
• Citation: 300 S.E.2d 788,225 Va. 192
• Parties: Robert Lee BAKER v. COMMONWEALTH of Virginia. Record
• Court: Virginia Supreme Court

Page 788

300 S.E.2d 788

225 Va. 192

Robert Lee BAKER v. COMMONWEALTH of Virginia.

Record No. 820841.

Supreme Court of Virginia.

March 11, 1983.

Andrew W. Wood, Richmond, for appellant.

Robert Harris, Asst. Atty. Gen. (Gerald L. Baliles, Atty. Gen., on brief), for appellee.

Before CARRICO, C.J., and COCHRAN, POFF, COMPTON, THOMPSON ^* STEPHENSON and RUSSELL, JJ.

STEPHENSON, Justice.

Robert Lee Baker was indicted for and convicted of grand larceny. The only substantive jury instruction offered by the Commonwealth purported to define larceny by false pretenses. ^** Baker contends this instruction did not set forth all the necessary elements of larceny by false pretenses, and, in any case, the evidence is insufficient to support a conviction on this charge.

Baker and Donald Shumaker went to an automobile dealership in Henrico County. They were aware that the dealership required customers to leave a vehicle as security while they test-drove one of the dealer's automobiles. After receiving a signal from Baker, Shumaker asked to test-drive a Jeep. Leaving as security a truck which he had fraudulently obtained elsewhere, Baker drove the Jeep away and failed to return it. Baker paid Shumaker $100 for his part in the crime.

Baker contends that, to be guilty of larceny by false pretenses, one must make a false representation that induces the victim to pass both title to and possession of the property to the defendant. Since the jury instruction at issue did not state that passage of title was an element of the crime, Baker contends his conviction cannot stand. He further argues that, even if the instruction had been proper, no evidence was presented that the dealership passed title to the Jeep to Baker and Shumaker. We agree.

"An essential element of larceny by false pretenses is that both title to and possession of property must pass from the victim to the defendant (or his nominee)." Cunningham v. Commonwealth, 219 Va. 399, 402, 247 S.E.2d 683, 685 (1978). "The gravamen of the offense ... is the obtainment of ownership of property ...." Quidley v. Commonwealth, 221 Va. 963, 966, 275 S.E.2d 622, 624 (1981). The jury instruction offered by the Commonwealth dealt only with possession and not with title to the property. It was therefore erroneous. Further, no evidence was presented that the dealership passed title to the vehicle to Baker or Shumaker.

The Commonwealth argues that, even if it failed to prove larceny by false pretenses, the evidence at trial was sufficient to sustain a conviction of the common law crime of larceny by trick and that the jury instruction set forth all the elements of this crime. While this may be so, we decline to affirm the conviction on this ground. An accused is entitled to be clearly informed of the charge against him. Va. Const. art. I, § 8. Where, as here, the Commonwealth elects to prosecute a defendant for a specific category of larceny, and no other,...