Bankhead v. American Suzuki Motor Corporation

• Decision Date: 07 January 2008
• Docket Number: Civil Action No. 3:07cv208-MHT.
• Parties: Richard BANKHEAD, Plaintiff, v. AMERICAN SUZUKI MOTOR CORPORATION, Defendant.
• Court: U.S. District Court — Middle District of Alabama

529 F.Supp.2d 1329

Richard BANKHEAD, Plaintiff, v. AMERICAN SUZUKI MOTOR CORPORATION, Defendant.

Civil Action No. 3:07cv208-MHT.

United States District Court, M.D. Alabama, Eastern Division.

January 7, 2008.

Zachary Timothy Collins, Zachary T. Collins, Attorney at Law, LLC, Montgomery, AL, Stewart Sealy Wilbanks, Dillard & Associates LLC, Birmingham, AL, for Plaintiff.

Jere F. White, Jr., John Dickson Mayo, Stewart Andrew Kelly, Lightfoot Franklin & White LLC, Birmingham, AL, for Defendant.

OPINION AND ORDER

MYRON H. THOMPSON, District Judge.

This lawsuit, which was removed from state court to federal court based on diversity-of-citizenship jurisdiction, 28 U.S.C. §§ 1332, 1441, is now before the court on plaintiff Richard Bankhead's motion to remand. Bankhead contends that removal is improper because the amount in controversy is insufficient to confer federal jurisdiction. For the reasons that follow, the court concludes that Bankhead's motion should be denied.

I. BACKGROUND

In August 2006, Bankhead was injured while driving a 2006 Suzuki GSX 750 motorcycle when it allegedly caught fire causing him to leave the roadway.

On January 30, 2007, Bankhead `sued defendant American Suzuki Motor Corporation in an Alabama state court. He charged American Suzuki with violation of the Alabama Extended Manufacturer's Liability Doctrine and with negligence, wantonness, and breach of warranty. American Suzuld removed this case to federal court on March 8, 2007, and Bankhead moved to remand on November 30, 2007.

II. GENERAL REMOVAL-AND-REMAND STANDARDS

A civil action brought in state court may be removed by a defendant to federal court if it could have been brought in federal court in the first instance. 28 U.S.C. § 1441(a). Typically, removal is premised either on federal-question jurisdiction or diversity-of-citizenship jurisdiction. Federal-question jurisdiction exists when the civil action arises under the Constitution, laws, or treaties of the United States. 28 U.S.C. § 1331. Diversity-of-citizenship jurisdiction exist when the amount in controversy exceeds $ 75,000, exclusive of interest and costs, and the parties are citizens of different States. 28 U.S.C. § 1332(a).

The party seeking removal has, under 28 U.S.C. § 1446, the burden. of establishing jurisdiction. Williams v. Best Buy Co., 269 F.3d 1316, 1319 (11th Cir. 2001).¹ After removal, a party can move to remand to state court on the basis of any defect in the removal including lack of subject-matter jurisdiction. 28 U.S.C. § 1447(c).² A motion based on a removal defect must be made within 30 days after the filing of the notice of removal. Id. However, "[i]f at any time before final judgment it appears that the district court lacks subject matter jurisdiction, the case shall be remanded." Id. Thus, there is no time limitation on a motion to remand for lack of subject-matter jurisdiction. Lowery v. Alabama Power Co., 483 F.3d 1184, 1214 n. 64 (11th Cir.2007) ("The existence of subject matter jurisdiction, on the other hand, may be challenged at any time, including within the first thirty days after the notice of removal."). Finally, "[b]ecause removal jurisdiction raises significant federalism concerns, federal courts are directed to construe removal statutes strictly. Indeed, all doubts about jurisdiction should be resolved in favor of remand to state court." Univ. of S. Ala. v. Am. Tobacco Co., 168 F.3d 405, 411 (11th Cir. 1999) (citation omitted).

III. DISCUSSION

In his motion to remand, Bankhead argues that diversity jurisdiction is improper because the more-than-$ 75,000 amount-in-controversy requirement has not been met. This court disagrees.

Where, as in this case, the plain. tiff does not specifically allege an amount in controversy or the total amount in damages demanded in its complaint, the removing defendant must prove the amount in controversy by a preponderance of the evidence. Leonard v. Enterprise Rent A Car, 279 F.3d 967, 972 (11th Cir.2002). Removal is proper if it is "facially apparent from the complaint that the amount in controversy exceeds the jurisdictional requirement." Williams, 269 F.3d at 1319. If the amount in controversy is'not facially apparent from the complaint, the court looks to the notice of removal and any evidence submitted by the parties "relevant to the amount in controversy at the time the case was removed." Id. However, a mere "conclusory allegation in the notice of removal that the jurisdictional amount is satisfied, without setting forth the underlying facts supporting such an assertion, is insufficient to meet the defendant's burden." Id. at 1319-20.

In this case, Bankhead did not Specify in his complaint an amount in controversy or how much he was seeking in damages. However, American Suzuki argues that it is facially apparent from Bankhead's complaint that the jurisdictional requirement of $ 75,000 is satisfied. Bankhead has alleged four common-law claims, but his complaint is nowhere near specific enough as to the duration, extent, severity, or kinds of harms alleged such that this court could determine by a preponderance of the evidence the value of such claims, were he to prevail. Therefore, the amount in controversy is not facially apparent from the complaint.

This court therefore looks to the notice of removal and any evidence submitted by the parties to determine whether American Suzuki has met its burden of proving jurisdictional amount by a preponderance of the evidence. First, in its notice of removal, American Suzuki cites several "similar cases" involving product manufacturers where Alabama courts authorized damage awards greater than the jurisdictional minimum. Defendant's Notice of Removal (doc. no. 1), at 3-4. It is questionable "whether such general evidence is ever of much use in establishing the value of claims in any one particular suit," Lowery, 483 F.3d at 1221, for "the facts regarding other cases tell us nothing about the value of the claims in this lawsuit." Id. In any event, the court has reviewed those cases and concludes that they are so factually and legally distinguishable from this case that it is impossible to draw any reasonable conclusions from them. See Moore v. CNA Foundation, 472 F.Supp.2d 1327, 1332 (I1.D.Ala.2007) (Thompson, J.) ("[Defendant] cites several `representative cases' where Alabama courts authorized a damage award greater than $ 75,000, The court has reviewed those cases and concludes that they are so factually and legally distinguishable from this case that it is impossible to draw any reasonable conclu sions from them.").

Second, American Suzuki notes in its removal notice that the complaint "contains no disclaimer that plaintiff seeks less than $ 75,000 exclusive of interests and costs." Defendant's Notice of Removal (doe. no. 1), at 4. As noted above, the burden of proving federal jurisdiction is American Suzuki's, not Bankhead's; therefore the failure of Bankhead to include such a disclaimer is not sufficient to demonstrate by a preponderance of the evidence that the jurisdictional minimum has been met.

Finally, as evidence that the amount in controversy had been met at the time of removal, American Suzuki has attached, to its response in opposition to the remand motion, Bankhead's initial settlement demand letter, seeking $ 150,000.00 to settle the matter. This court agrees with American Suzuki that a settlement letter is admissible evidence of the amount in controversy at the time' of removal. The Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeals has stated that "numerous types of documents have been held to qualify" as "other paper," which under 28 U.S.C. § 1446(b) can serve as a basis for removal. Lowery, 483 F.3d at 1212 n. 62. "They include ... settlement offers." Id.

However, the Eleventh Circuit has also stated that "the removal-remand scheme set forth in 28 U.S.C. §§ 1446(b) and 1447(c) requires that a court review the propriety' of removal on the basis of the removing documents." Lowery, 483 F.3d at 1211. "If the jurisdictional amount is either stated clearly on the face of the documents before the court, or readily deducible from them, then the court has jurisdiction," id., and, "[i]f not, the court must remand." Id. The appellate court concluded that, "Under this approach, jurisdiction is either evident from the removing documents or remand is appropriate." M Here, Bankhead's settlement demand letter was sent to American Suzuki in October 2007, seven months after the removal of the litigation to federal court. Therefore, the settlement letter was not part of the removal documents.

The Eleventh Circuit has gone on to clarify that "there are some exceptions to the rule that the court is limited to considering the removing documents." Lowery, 483 F.3d at 1214 n. 66. The court explained that, "in some limited circumstances, a defendant may effectively amend a defective notice of removal upon receipt of additional evidence." Id. "For example," the court continued, "such a situation might arise where, after filing an insufficient notice of removal but before remand is ordered, the defendant receives a paper from the plaintiff that would itself provide sufficient grounds for removal." Id.

Bankhead's settlement letter constitutes an effective amendment of American Suzuki's defective notice of removal. In particular, because there is nothing in the record to reflect, or even hint, that damages decreased between, the time of removal and the tendering of the settlement letter, the letter provides post-removal clarification of the removal notice showing that the amount in controversy at the time of removal far exceeded the jurisdictional requirement. See id. (citing Cohn v. Petsmart, Inc., 281 F.3d 837, 839-40 n. 1 (9th Cir.2002) (holding that the defendant effectively amended its insufficient notice of removal by later alleging, in its opposition to remand, that the plaintiff had offered settlement for an amount greater than the jurisdictional minimum)); ...