Bannister v. Dale

• Decision Date: 13 June 1961
• Docket Number: No. 50313,50313
• Parties: Virginia BANNISTER, a Minor, by Willard Bannister, Her Father and Next Friend, Appellee, v. Merritt DALE, Appellant.
• Court: Iowa Supreme Court

Page 626

109 N.W.2d 626

252 Iowa 1031

Virginia BANNISTER, a Minor, by Willard Bannister, Her Father and Next Friend, Appellee, v. Merritt DALE, Appellant.

No. 50313.

Supreme Court of Iowa.

June 13, 1961.

Ross H. Sidney, Des Moines, and Merrill C. Clark, Estherville, for appellant.

Fitzgibbons & Fitzgibbons, Estherville, for appellee.

GARFIELD, Chief Justice.

This is a law action to recover from Merritt Dale for personal injuries to Virginia Bannister in an automobile collision in daylight at an intersection of gravel roads in the country. For convenience we refer to Virginia, age 16 at the time of the collision, as plaintiff although the action was brought by her father as next friend. Trial to court and jury resulted in judgment on verdict for plaintiff from which defendant has appealed.

Defendant-appellant's sole contention is the familiar one that the trial court should have ruled as a matter of law plaintiff was contributorily negligent and therefore could not recover. We hold the issue of freedom from contributory negligence was one of fact for the jury, not of law for the court and affirm the judgment.

It is perhaps unnecessary even to refer to certain basic, oft-repeated propositions here applicable. Of course we must view the evidence in the light most favorable to plaintiff. It is only the exceptional case in which the issue of freedom from contributory negligence should not be submitted to the jury--only where contributory negligence is so palpable that reasonable minds may fairly reach no other conclusion. If there is any evidence tending to establish plaintiff's freedom from contributory negligence, the question is for the jury. Numerous decisions in support of these propositions include Paulsen v. Mitchell, Iowa, 105 N.W.2d 603, 605, and citations; Peterschmidt v. Menke, 249 Iowa 859, 862-863, 89 N.W.2d 152, 154, and citations.

It is equally fundamental that the burden to plead and prove freedom from contributory negligence rested on plaintiff. Hutchinson v. Minneapolis & St. L. R. Co., Iowa, 106 N.W.2d 419, 421, and citations. Other rules of law more particularly applicable to the facts here will be referred to later.

Plaintiff was driving her father's Buick sedan south. Defendant was driving his Chevrolet station wagon west. No one else was in either vehicle, and there were no other eyewitnesses. Both roads were of equal class--there were no stop signs at the intersection. Plaintiff, approaching from the right so their paths would intersect and there was danger of collision, was entitled to the directional right of way under section 321.319, Code 1958, I.C.A. The roads and surrounding country were generally level. There was no obstruction to the view of either driver from the time plaintiff was about 650 feet north, and defendant about 950 east, of the intersection. Plaintiff testifies she saw defendant's car when the two vehicles were at these respective points. Defendant admits he didn't notice the Buick until both cars were approximately to the intersection.

Plaintiff was driving 40 to 45 miles per hour but as she approached the intersection slowed down to between 35 and 40. She glanced back and forth between her road and defendant's car. Twice she glanced at the road to the west. She had taken a driver's training course in school and was aware she was entitled to the right of way. Because of this she thought defendant was going to stop. The finding is warranted that very little time elapsed after plaintiff knew or should have known defendant would not accord her the right of way until the collision occurred. The impact took place in the center of the intersection. Plaintiff struck the middle of the right side of the Chevrolet. Both vehicles went into the ditch at the southwest corner of the intersection. Plaintiff was thrown from the Buick, pinned under its right rear axle and injured.

The day after the collision defendant told Virginia's father he didn't see her until the last second and then stepped on the gas to try to beat her through the intersection. Defendant himself testifies that when both vehicles were approximately to the intersection he 'tromped' on his foot feed.

No skidmarks were north or east of the intersection. Both roads were well graveled but wet from rain earlier in the day.

Virginia had driven motor vehicles around her father's farm for several years before the accident.

The above is a sufficient summary of the evidence. Defendant's main argument is that plaintiff failed to do anything to avoid the collision and must therefore be held contributorily negligent as a matter of law.

It is a fundamental rule, frequently applied under various facts, that a motorist has a right to assume, until he knows or in the exercise of reasonable care should know otherwise, other motorists will obey the rules of the road and also drive with ordinary care under the circumstances. So here plaintiff was entitled to assume, until she knew or should have known otherwise, defendant would accord her the right of way as rpovided by Code section 321.319, I.C.A. Also that he would have his vehicle under control and reduce its speed to a reasonable and proper rate when approaching and traversing the intersection as required by section 321.288. Further, that defendant would observe his common-law duty to exercise reasonable care to maintain a lookout.

See in support of the views just stated: Rogers v. Jefferson, 224 Iowa 324, 329, 275 N.W. 874, 878; Dorman v....