Bannister v. Farmers Alliance Mut. Ins. Co.

• Citation: 630 P.2d 1279
• Decision Date: 09 June 1981
• Docket Number: No. 56677,56677
• Parties: Clifford R. BANNISTER, Plaintiff, v. FARMERS ALLIANCE MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY, a corporation; the Town of Noble, Oklahoma, a municipal corporation; and the City of Norman, Oklahoma, a municipal corporation, Defendants.
• Court: Supreme Court of Oklahoma

Page 1279

630 P.2d 1279

1981 OK 67

Clifford R. BANNISTER, Plaintiff, v. FARMERS ALLIANCE MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY, a corporation the Town of Noble, Oklahoma, a municipal corporation; and the City of Norman Oklahoma, a municipal corporation, Defendants.

No. 56677.

Supreme Court of Oklahoma.

June 9, 1981.

Rehearing Denied July 28, 1981.

Certified Questions from the United States District Court for the Western District of Oklahoma.

John M. Merritt, Inc., R. Stephen Haynes, Buck & Crabtree, Oklahoma City, for plaintiff.

Elliott C. Fenton & Larry D. Ottaway, Fenton, Fenton, Smith, Reneau & Moon, Oklahoma City, for defendant Alliance Mut. Ins. Co.

Terry Shipley, Noble, John R. Couch, Pierce, Couch, Hendrickson, Johnston & Baysinger, Oklahoma City, for defendant, Town of Noble.

Douglas J. Juergens, City Atty., Norman, Earl D. Mills & Glen D. Huff, Foliart, Mills & Niemeyer, Oklahoma City, for defendant, City of Norman.

SIMMS, Justice.

This opinion concerns an action pending in the United States District Court for the Western District of Oklahoma. Pursuant to the Oklahoma Uniform Certification of Questions of Law Act, 20 O.S.Supp.1980, § 1601 et seq., the United States District Court certified the following five questions of law to this Court. It is important to note that the occurrence involved in this action preceded an extensive amendment of Title 11, O.S., effective 1978.

1. IS A CONTRACT UNDER 69 Okla.Stat.1971, § 603 AN EXCEPTION TO THE RULE THAT A MUNICIPALITY HAS A NON-DELEGABLE DUTY TO MAINTAIN ITS STREETS IN A REASONABLY SAFE CONDITION FOR TRAVEL BY THE PUBLIC?

This question must be answered in the negative. The law is clear in Oklahoma that a municipality has the primary duty of maintaining its streets in a reasonably safe condition for travel by the public. This duty cannot be evaded, suspended or cast upon others by any act of the municipality. This duty is nondelegable. The city is liable for a breach thereof even if the damage alleged was caused by persons other than servants and employees of the municipality, such as an independent contractor. City of Hugo v. Nance, 39 Okl. 640, 135 P. 346 (1913); City of Tulsa v. Wells, 79 Okl. 39, 191 P. 186 (1920); City of Waggoner v. Black, 186 Okl. 207, 97 P.2d 21 (1939); Terry v. Edgin, Okl., 561 P.2d 60 (1977).

Defendants cite Terry v. Edgin, supra, for the proposition that a contract under 69 O.S.1971, § 603, whereby the county undertakes grading, draining, or hardsurfacing on a city street that is a continuing link in the County Highway System, is an exception to the nondelegable duty rule imposed on the city.

The argument put forth in Terry, supra, does not support that proposition. The city there asserted that a 69 O.S.1971, § 603, contract created an exception to the nondelegable duty rule because another statute, 69 O.S.1971, § 601, vested the county with exclusive jurisdiction over the maintenance of county highways. Therefore, the city argued, since the city street was part of the county highway system, and since the county thereby had exclusive jurisdiction over its maintenance, the city must be relieved of its nondelegable duty, as it would then have no jurisdiction to perform any maintenance on that street.

In Terry, supra, we adopted the reasoning of Attorney General Opinion No. 63-159, and held 69 O.S. 1971, § 601, which places the duty to maintain county roads on the county and gives exclusive jurisdiction for such maintenance, applicable only to those county highways which lie outside the boundaries of a municipality. That opinion of the Attorney General was based on a finding that any other interpretation would be in direct conflict with 11 O.S.1961, § 72 ¹, which establishes separate road districts for municipalities.

The nondelegable duty rule is based on the policy that it is improper to allow the municipality to escape its liability for unsafe streets by merely employing an independent contractor to do the work thereon. There is no reason to treat the county, an independent contractor for the city under a 69 O.S.1971, § 603, contract any differently than any other independent contractor. Since 69 O.S.1971, § 601, was not applicable to roads within municipal boundaries, the county was neither charged with the duty to maintain a city road that was a continuation of the county highway system nor was it vested with exclusive jurisdiction over the city road. The city may not, by its own act, including a contract under 69 O.S.1971, § 603, delegate its primary duty to maintain its streets in a reasonably safe condition for travel by the public.

2. DOES A CONTRACT BETWEEN A COUNTY AND A MUNICIPALITY WHEREBY THE COUNTY AGREES TO MAINTAIN AND MAINTAINS A STREET WITHIN THE MUNICIPALITY WHICH IS A CONTINUATION OF OR A CONNECTING LINK IN THE COUNTY HIGHWAY SYSTEM COME WITHIN THE AMBIT OF 69 Okla.Stat.1971, § 603?

This question must be answered in the negative. We noted in Terry, supra, that 69...