Bardin v. Jones
Decision Date | 18 May 1979 |
Citation | 371 So.2d 23 |
Parties | Bertha J. BARDIN v. Wilson JONES. 77-646. |
Court | Alabama Supreme Court |
W. Michael Young, Montgomery, for appellant.
Ira Dement, Montgomery and J. Fletcher Jones, Andalusia, for appellee.
The will of Minnie Faler was filed for probate by her executor but was contested by Bardin, a sister, and several others on the ground of undue influence. The case was transferred to circuit court for a jury trial where the circuit limited the issues to those raised in the probate court. At the close of contestants' case the court directed a verdict for the proponents from which Bardin alone appeals. We reverse and remand for further proceedings.
Minnie Faler, a childless widow of 91, died on July 13, 1977, leaving a will dated June 10, 1977. She had previously executed wills in January, 1977, and March, 1977. The January and March wills both divided the estate equally among her brother and sisters, but the June will left the lion's share to one sister, Cora Plant, with hefty bequests to some of Faler's nieces. The shares of her brother and other sisters were significantly reduced. The June will named Wilson Jones, an accountant, as executor. While Wilson Jones was not a beneficiary under the will, his wife, Jean, is one of the nieces who will profit handsomely under the June will and who would not have taken under the earlier wills.
Prior to March, 1977, Faler lived in Andalusia where she was cared for by her sister, Bertha Bardin (the appellant). In March Faler moved to an apartment in Florala two doors from another sister, Cora Plant. There was testimony that Cora Plant, Jean Jones, and several others did not want Faler in Florala, apparently due to an old enmity. They did, however, become friendly after the move.
In March Faler's business affairs were taken over by Wilson Jones. She executed a general power of attorney in his favor and substituted him as executor in her March will. He inventoried her assets and found them to be about $81,000.
In May after she suffered a fall Faler moved in with Cora Plant. A house was purchased with Faler's funds, the deed listing Faler and Cora Plant as joint tenants with right of survivorship. There was testimony that Faler did not know of the survivorship provision.
In June a new will was drafted by attorney Fletcher Jones (no relation to Jean and Wilson Jones), based on discussions among Faler, Cora Plant, Jean and Wilson Jones, and others who became beneficiaries. The will was witnessed by Fletcher Jones and his secretary, with Wilson Jones and Cora Plant present at the drafting conference. Percentage shares in the June will were prepared by Wilson Jones. At trial witnesses testified that several of the favored beneficiaries bragged to others about their influence on Faler and the drafting of the will. Testimony on Faler's mental capacity throughout these months was in sharp conflict. The contestants' case included considerably greater detail on the relationships between Faler and her relatives, much of which was denied by the proponents of the will. Of course, the credibility of the various witnesses would have been a question for the trier of facts.
On appeal Bardin urges three grounds for reversal. First, Bardin states that the circuit court erred in striking certain paragraphs in contestants' answers relating to testamentary capacity. In doing so the court stated that it was limited to those issues transferred to it by the probate court, citing Hooper v. Huey, 293 Ala. 63, 30 So.2d 100 (1974). In Hooper we discussed § 43-1-78, Code 1975 (formerly Tit. 61, § 63, Code 1940), which provides for the transfer of a will contest to circuit court for a jury trial. That section states:
This provision must be read in conjunction with § 43-1-70, Code 1975 (formerly Tit. 61, § 52, Code 1940) which provides:
"A will, before the probate thereof, may be contested by any person interested therein, or by any person, who, if the testator had died intestate, would have been an heir or distributee of his estate, by filing in the court where it is offered for probate allegations in writing that the will was not duly executed, or of the unsoundness of mind of the testator, or of any other valid objections thereto; and thereupon an issue must be made up, under the direction of the court, between the person making the application, as plaintiff, and the person contesting the validity of the will, as defendant, and such issue must, on application of either party, be tried by a jury."
In Hooper we stated, "The circuit court may consider only those issues transferred to it from the probate court and the resolution of these issues must be certified back to the probate court," citing what is now § 43-1-78. We are now presented with the question of whether or not a Rule 15, ARCP amendment or similar addition to the pleadings is permissible in the circuit court.
Initially we note that the Rules of Civil Procedure specifically apply to will contests "to the extent that the practice . . . is not provided by statute." Rule 81(a)(5), ARCP. In addition § 43-1-74, Code 1975, provides:
This section is further reinforced by § 43-1-78 itself which states, "The issues must be made up in the circuit court as if the trial were to be had in the probate court, and the trial had in all other respects as trials in other civil cases in the circuit court." In reference to this latter provision it has been observed, " " Thigpen v. Walker, 251 Ala. 426, 37 So.2d 923 (1948), quoting Mindler v. Crocker, 245 Ala. 578, 18 So.2d 278 (1944). Thigpen went on to provide:
From the above-cited authorities it is clear that the probate court prior to transfer could allow additional issues to be presented to it in accordance with the Rules of Civil Procedure, so long as those issues could properly be raised in a will contest. It may often happen that viable issues will not be revealed until depositions are taken, as is specifically authorized under § 43-1-74, Supra. Consequently, we see no justifiable reason to limit the parties in the presentation of their case simply because the contest has already been transferred. Such a ruling would herald a return to the abandoned practice of "trial by battle" and would be an anachronism in a legal system in which the avowed purpose of procedural rules is "to secure the just, speedy and inexpensive determination of every action." In short we now hold that the...
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