Batchelder v. State Highway Bd.

• Court: Vermont Supreme Court
• Writing for the Court: Before HANGRAW; SHANGRAW
• Citation: Batchelder v. State Highway Bd., 291 A.2d 257, 130 Vt. 263 (Vt. 1972)
• Decision Date: 04 April 1972
• Docket Number: No. 29-71,29-71
• Parties: Verne C. BATCHELDER and Kathryn G. Batchelder v. STATE HIGHWAY BOARD.

Page 257

291 A.2d 257

130 Vt. 263

Verne C. BATCHELDER and Kathryn G. Batchelder v. STATE HIGHWAY BOARD.

No. 29-71.

Supreme Court of Vermont.

April 4, 1972.

Motion for Reargument Denied June 6, 1972.

Black & Plante, White River Junction, for plaintiffs.

James M. Jeffords, Atty. Gen., and Richard M. Finn, Asst. Atty. Gen., for State Highway Board.

Before HANGRAW, C. J., and BARNEY, SMITH, KEYSER and DALEY, JJ.

SHANGRAW, Chief Justice.

This is a condemnation-valuation case. The plaintiffs, Verne C. Batchelder and Kathryn G. Batchelder, were owners of a 171 acre dairy farm at the time of the taking on November 18, 1968. The farm was located just south of the village of Fairlee, Vermont, on both sides of U. S. Route 5. The State Highway Board condemned 9 acres of plaintiffs' land, thereby cutting the farm into two sections and severing its direct access to U. S. Route 5.

At the time of the condemnation plaintiffs were maintaining approximately 84 head of cattle on their farm. In the past they had maintained as many as 123 head of cattle. Because only 36 acres of the 171 acres composing the plaintiffs' farm were tillable land, the plaintiffs had to rent other land in order to grow enough feed to maintain the cattle they kept.

The Vermont State Highway Board awarded the Batchelders $10,000 for the land taken. An appeal from the award was taken by the Batchelders to the Orange County Court pursuant to 19 V.S.A. § 231. The right to a trial by jury was waived, as were all findings of fact other than those required by 12 V.S.A. § 1904a, which states:

'A trier of fact in proceedings to determine damages due the owner of land taken by a governmental body by eminent domain shall find separately the value of each element thereof specified in section 221(2) of Title 19. When a judge submits the determination thereof to a jury, he shall instruct the jury that they shall bring in a special verdict on each of those elements involved in the case.'

The court heard the matter and awarded $36,000 damages and interest from November 19, 1968. Of the $36,000 damages, $14,000 was apportioned to damage resulting from the taking of property, and $22,000 to the direct and proximate lessening of the value of the remaining property.

The State Highway Board seasonably appealed from the Judgment Order of the Orange County Court to this Court.

The State Highway Board first claims the trial court committed reversible error when it permitted evidence of a 1953 sale from the Batchelders to the Adirondack Bottled Gas Company. One of the testifying appraisers, Mr. Anthony Farrell, indicated he used this sale with others of more recent origin to establish the value of the plaintiffs' farm.

At the time the evidence of the 1953 sale was introduced counsel for defendant objected saying it was 'too remote' and that '. . . it has no bearing on the value of the land at this time.' The trial judge overruled the objection stating it went '. . . to the weight that ought to be ascribed to this particular piece of evidence.'

This appears to be the first instance this Court has had to decide how close to the date of condemnation the sale of a similar parcel of land has to be for it to furnish an indication of the present value of the plaintiffs' farm. The general rule in the other states appears to be that of leaving the determination to the trial court, and was stated as such in United States v. 2,253.28 Acres of Land, Etc., 414 F.2d 965, 972 (5th Cir. 1969), when that court said:

'As we have indicated on previous occasions, this court is reluctant to 'substitute its judgment for that of the trial court in determining whether a particular sale was too remote in point of time.''

See also City of Pleasant Hill v. First Baptist Church, 1 Cal.App.3d 384, 415, 82 Cal.Rptr. 1 (1st Dist.1969), and numerous cases cited therein; Manning v. Redevelopment Agency of Newport, 103 R.I. 371, 238 A.2d 378, 381 (1968), and Waldenmaier v. State, 33 A.D.2d 75, 305 N.Y.S.2d 381, 383 (3d Dept. 1969).

In the situation where there has been such a passing of time that the parcel of land being compared to the condemned parcel appears remote, the proper procedure to attack such a comparison was discussed in Nichols, Eminent Domain § 21.31(2) (1969), when it was stated:

'Remoteness in point of time, however, will condemn the evidentiary value of a sale only where there has been such a change in conditions during the interval as to make the sale an unreliable test of value. By proving a change in market conditions either party may explain away the significance of the sale.'

It is clear the trial judge was aware of this when he stated defendant's objection went to the 'weight' to be given to the evidence of the 1953 sale and not its admissibility. At that point it became incumbent upon the defendant to prove a change in market conditions, or allow the evidence to stand as is.

Thus, in this instance, the trial judge properly exercised its discretion when it allowed the evidence of the 1953 sale to be admitted.

The second reversible error claimed by the State Highway Board was committed when the trial court allowed both appraisers testifying for the plaintiffs to give consideration to other land not owned by the plaintiff when they determined the highest and best uses and valuations of plaintiffs' land.

As provided for by 19 V.S.A. § 221(2) the value placed upon private property appropriated for highway uses shall be the 'value for the most reasonable use of the property. . . .' See Smith v. State Highway Board, 125 Vt. 54, 56, 209 A.2d 495 (1965), and cases therein...