Bd. of Educ. of Shelby Cnty. v. Memphis City Bd. of Educ.
| Decision Date | 27 November 2012 |
| Docket Number | No. 11–2101.,11–2101. |
| Citation | 911 F.Supp.2d 631 |
| Parties | BOARD OF EDUCATION OF SHELBY COUNTY, TENNESSEE, et al., Plaintiffs, v. MEMPHIS CITY BOARD OF EDUCATION, et al., Defendants. The Board of County Commissioners of Shelby County, Tennessee, Third–Party Plaintiff, v. Robert E. Cooper, Jr., et al., Third–Party Defendants. |
| Court | U.S. District Court — Western District of Tennessee |
OPINION TEXT STARTS HERE
Held Unconstitutional
West's T.C.A. §§ 49–2–127, 49–2–203.
Charles Wayne Cagle, Jason Michael Bergeron, Samuel L. Jackson, Lewis King Krieg & Waldrop, PC, Nashville, TN, Lawrence F. Giordano, Mary Ann Stackhouse, Lewis King Krieg & Waldrop, P.C., Knoxville, TN, Valerie B. Speakman, ShelbyCounty Schools, Arlington, TN, for Plaintiffs.
Michael R. Marshall, Ernest G. Kelly, Jr., Mary C. (Katy) Laster, Evans Petree, PC, Dorsey E. Hopson, II, Memphis City Schools, Allan J. Wade, Brandy S. Parrish, Allan J. Wade, PLLC., Regina Morrison Newman, City Attorney's Office, Memphis, TN, for Defendants.
The original Complaint in this matter was filed by the Board of Education of Shelby County, Tennessee (the “Shelby County Board”) on February 11, 2011. (ECF No. 1.) On June 26, 2012, Third–Party Plaintiff the Board of County Commissioners of Shelby County, Tennessee (the “Commissioners”) moved to file a Third–Party Complaint for declaratory relief, permanent and preliminary injunctive relief, and an expedited hearing. (ECF No. 288.) The Commissioners allege that Chapter 905 and Chapter 970 of the Tennessee Public Acts of 2012 and Chapter 1, Section 3 of the Tennessee Public Acts of 2011 violate the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States and Article 11, Sections 8 and 9 of the Constitution of the State of Tennessee. The Third–Party Complaint names as Defendants Robert E. Cooper in his official capacity as Attorney General of the State of Tennessee; Tre Hargett in his official capacity as Secretary of State of the State of Tennessee; Mark Goins in his official capacity as Coordinator of Elections; the Tennessee Department of State: Division of Elections; the Tennessee Department of Education; and Kevin Huffman in his official capacity as Commissioner of the State of Tennessee Department of Education (collectively, the “State”); and the Shelby County Election Commission. On July 5, 2012, the Court granted the Commissioners' motion. (ECF No. 290.) The Third–Party Complaint was entered on July 5, 2012. (ECF No. 305.)
On July 9, 2012, the Court entered an order allowing the City of Germantown, the Town of Collierville, the City of Bartlett, and the City of Lakeland to intervene as Defendants. (ECF No. 293.) On July 12, 2012, the Court granted an oral motion allowing the City of Millington and the Town of Arlington to intervene and align with the other intervening Defendants (collectively, the “Municipalities”). On July 11, 2012, the Court entered an order allowing the City of Memphis and the Memphis City Council (collectively, the “Memphis City Plaintiffs”) to join as Third–Party Plaintiffs. (ECF No. 304.)
On July 12, 2012, the Court held a hearing and denied the Commissioners' request for a preliminary injunction. On July 13, 2012, the Court bifurcated the Commissioners' Tennessee and United States constitutional claims.
The Commissioners filed an Amended Complaint on August 14, 2012. (ECF No. 358.) The Commissioners moved to file a Second Amended Complaint on August 16, 2012. (ECF No. 359.) On August 21, 2012, the Court granted that motion. (ECF No. 370.) The Second Amended Complaint was entered on August 22, 2012. (ECF No. 371.) The Third Amended Complaint was entered on October 5, 2012. (ECF No. 429) (the “Third Am. Compl.”).
A trial was held on September 4 and 5, 2012, at which the Court received proof in the form of testimony and exhibits and heard oral arguments. On October 4, 2012, all parties except the State filed proposed findings of fact and conclusions of law. ( See Memphis Pls.' Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law, ECF No. 420; Commissioners' Findings of Fact and Conclusionsof Law, ECF No. 421; The Municipalities' Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law, ECF No. 422.) On October 5, 2012, the State filed proposed findings of fact and conclusions of law and adopted portions of the Municipalities' findings of fact and conclusions of law. (ECF No. 425; 427.) The Court makes the following findings of fact and conclusions of law and orders the following relief.
In 1869, the State of Tennessee granted the Memphis City Board of Education a charter to operate a public school system in Memphis. (August 8, 2011 Order 5–6, 2011 WL 3444059, ECF No. 243.) (the “August 8 Order.”) From 1869 to 2010, Memphis City Schools grew to become the largest school system in Tennessee and the twenty-third largest public school system in the United States. ( Id. 3.) It served approximately 105,000 students in 209 schools. ( Id.) The student demographics were 85.7% African–American, 7.0% Caucasian, 5.9% Hispanic, and 1.4% other races and nationalities. ( Id.) Memphis City Schools owned land valued at $34,699,701, buildings and improvements valued at $802,832,197, and machinery and equipment valued at $54,694,705. ( Id. 3–4.) Memphis City Schools had approximately 16,000 full and part-time staff, including more than 7,000 teachers. ( Id. 4.)
The City of Memphis is located in Shelby County, Tennessee. The Shelby County Board operated the Shelby County Schools, a separate school system that included all public schools in Shelby County outside Memphis. ( Id. 4.) Shelby County Schools had more than 48,000 students and was the fourth largest school system in Tennessee. ( Id.) The student demographics were 55.2% Caucasian, 36.1% African–American, 4.0% Hispanic, 0.4% Native American, and 4.3% Asian/Pacific Islander. ( Id.) Shelby County Schools had 51 schools and more than 5,200 employees. ( Id.)
On December 20, 2010, the Memphis Board of Education (the “Memphis City Board”) voted to dissolve the Charter of the Memphis City Schools under Chapter 375 of the Private Acts of 1961. ( Id. 4.)
When the Memphis City Board adopted its December 20, 2010 resolution, Tennessee Code Annotated § 49–2–502(a) provided in its entirety that:
The school board, school commissioners, school trustees or other duly constituted administrative officials of any special school district are authorized and empowered to transfer the administration of the schools in the special school district to the county board of education of the county in which the special school district is located. Before a transfer is effectuated, however, a referendum shall first be conducted on the subject, and the school system of the special school district shall not be transferred to the county unless a majority of the voters who cast votes in the referendum vote in favor of the transfer. The referendum shall be held by the county election commission when requested by the school board of the special school district, and the expenses of the election shall be paid from the funds of the special school district.
Tenn.Code Ann. § 49–2–502(a) (2009).
On January 19, 2011, the Shelby County Election Commission scheduled a referendum for City of Memphis voters that was held on March 8, 2011. (August 8 Order 7.) The referendum posed the question, “Shall the Administration of the Memphis City School System, a Special School District, be Transferred to the Shelby County Board of Education?” ( Id.) The voters answered affirmatively.
On January 27, 2011, the Shelby County Board discussed the combination of its schools with Memphis City Schools. ( Id.) The Board adopted a resolution stating in part, “NOW THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED THAT THE SHELBY COUNTY BOARD OF EDUCATION UNANIMOUSLY OPPOSES [sic] THE TRANSFER OF THE MEMPHIS CITY SCHOOL SYSTEM TO THE SHELBY COUNTY BOARD OF EDUCATION.” ( Id.)
On February 10, 2011, the Memphis City Council passed a resolution approving the surrender of the Memphis City Schools' charter and dissolving the Memphis “special school district.” ( Id. 8.) The resolution stated, in relevant part:
NOW, THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED, by the Memphis City Council that the Resolution of the Board of Education of the Memphis City Schools to surrender its Charter and dissolve the Memphis special school district is hereby accepted and approved, effective immediately, and a transition thereafter to be implemented in accordance with the plan of dissolution hereinafter set forth.
BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, that the Comptroller of the City is directed certify [sic] this Resolution and plan of dissolution and the Mayor is directed to cause to be filed with the Tennessee Secretary of State a certified copy of this Resolution and plan of dissolution on February 11, 2011.
(August 8 Order 8–9.)
The Tennessee General Assembly adopted and, no later than noon on February 11, 2011, the Governor of Tennessee signed and dated Chapter 1 of the Tennessee Public Acts of 2011. ( Id. 9.) The signed and dated bill was delivered to the Senate Engrossing Clerk's office at approximately 1:00 p.m. on February 11, 2011, and subsequently taken to the Tennessee Secretary of State's office for entry. ( Id.)
Chapter 1 amended Tennessee Code Annotated § 49–2–502 to require that:
Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (a) or any other law to the contrary, if the proposed transfer of the administration of the schools in the special school district to the county board of education would result in an increase in student enrollment within the county school system of one hundred percent (100%) or more, and if a majority of the voters who cast votes in the referendum vote in favor of the transfer; then a comprehensive transition plan shall be developed, and the transfer shall take effect at the beginning of the third, full school year immediately following certification of the election results.
Tenn.Code Ann. § 49–2–502(b)(1).
Chapter 1 provides that the comprehensive transition...
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...(182.) See TENN. CODE ANN. [section] 49-2-502(b) (2016). (183.) See Bd. of Educ. of Shelby Cnty., Tenn. v. Memphis City Bd. of Educ, 911 F. Supp. 2d 631, 660 (W.D. Tenn. (184.) See Ashley Crockett, All Suburbs Vote "Yes" For Municipal School Districts, WREG NEWS (July 16,2013). https://wreg......