Beck v. Mukasey

• Decision Date: 28 May 2008
• Docket Number: No. 07-1345.,No. 07-1351.,07-1345.,07-1351.
• Citation: 527 F.3d 737
• Parties: Istvan BECK, Hilda Beckne Aranyi, Petitioners, v. Michael B. MUKASEY, Attorney General of the United States, Respondent.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Eighth Circuit

527 F.3d 737

Istvan BECK, Hilda Beckne Aranyi, Petitioners, v. Michael B. MUKASEY, Attorney General of the United States, Respondent.

No. 07-1345.

No. 07-1351.

United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit.

Submitted: January 18, 2008.

Filed: May 28, 2008.

Timothy E. Wichmer, St. Louis, MO, for petitioner.

Jennifer L. Lightbody, Senior Litigation Counsel, Office of Immigration Litigation, U.S. Department of Justice, Washington, D.C., Anh-Thu P. Mai, Senior Litigation Counsel, Office of Immigration Litigation, U.S. Department of Justice and Janette Allen, Summer Law Intern, on the brief, Washington, D.C., for respondent.

Before LOKEN, Chief Judge, HANSEN and MURPHY, Circuit Judges.

LOKEN, Chief Judge.

Petitioners Istvan Beck and his wife, Hilda Beckne Aranyi, are natives and citizens of Hungary who entered the United States in 2001 and stayed past the period authorized by their non-immigrant visas. Separate removal proceedings commenced in October 2003 and were later consolidated. Petitioners conceded removability and applied for asylum and withholding of removal, claiming each would be persecuted on account of their Romani (gypsy) ethnicity if returned to Hungary. After a hearing, the Immigration Judge ("IJ") denied the asylum applications as untimely, denied withholding of removal on the merits, and ordered Petitioners removed to Hungary. The Board of Immigration Appeals ("BIA") affirmed in separate, brief opinions. Petitioners seek judicial review of their final orders of removal. See 8 U.S.C. § 1252(b). We consolidated and now deny the petitions for review.

Asylum. The BIA held that Petitioners are ineligible for asylum because they did not apply within one year of entering the United States and failed to show extraordinary circumstances excusing this failure. See 8 U.S.C. § 1158(a)(2). Petitioners urge us to review these rulings but acknowledge our prior decisions holding that we lack jurisdiction to do so. See, e.g., Miah v. Mukasey, 519 F.3d 784, 787 (2008). As a panel, we are bound by those decisions.

Withholding of Removal. The Attorney General may not remove Petitioners to Hungary if he decides "that [their] life or freedom would be threatened in that country because of [their] race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion." 8 U.S.C. § 1231(b)(3)(A). If Petitioners prove that they suffered past persecution in Hungary on account of a protected ground such as race, they are entitled to a rebuttable presumption of future persecution. See 8 C.F.R. § 1208.16(b)(1). Absent a showing of past persecution, they must show a clear probability of future persecution on account of a protected ground if they are removed to Hungary. See INS v. Stevic, 467 U.S. 407, 424-28 & n. 19, 104 S.Ct. 2489, 81 L.Ed.2d 321 (1984). This requires proof they will "more likely than not" suffer such persecution, which is a more demanding standard than that for asylum. Compare 8 C.F.R. § 1208.16(b)(2), with 8 C.F.R. § 1208.13(b)(2)(B); see Alemu v. Gonzales, 403 F.3d 572, 576 (8th Cir.2005). Petitioners challenge the BIA's adverse findings on these issues. We review the agency's fact finding under the deferential substantial evidence standard. Miah, 519 F.3d at 787. In these cases, the findings of no past persecution are dispositive.

At the evidentiary hearing, Beck testified that, when he was growing up in the 1970s and 1980s, he and other Roma students had to sit in the back of classrooms, where the teachers ignored them. Roma students were not allowed to join student activities or use playgrounds and were harassed by other students. As a teenager, Beck enrolled in trade school to become an electrician, where he received less attention from the teachers. Once, when Beck told a teacher that his roommates had spread feces in his living space and told him this was the proper habitat for Roma, the teacher laughed and ordered him to clean up the mess. After graduation, Beck applied for numerous electrician positions but was rejected. He returned to his home town and worked at an agricultural cooperative.

Aranyi, too, suffered discrimination in school. She was forced to sit in the back of classrooms, was ignored and even beaten by teachers, and her classmates threw books at her, saying Roma did not need books. Aranyi entered nursing school, where she was forced to sit in the back of classrooms and was barred from student activities. After graduation, her only job offer was to give enemas at a hospital. She was fired from that job when another employee lost a necklace, and the staff blamed Aranyi. Lacking other job options, she moved back to her home town to work as a fruit and vegetable picker.

In 1994, after several years working in agriculture, Beck and Aranyi, now married, moved to Budapest. Beck unsuccessfully sought work as an electrician. He worked as a dishwasher and then did manual work in an agricultural neighborhood outside the city. Aranyi was told by many employers they did not hire Roma. She was eventually hired by a sporting goods store but left or was terminated after the manager demeaned and threatened her when she complained of sexual harassment by a supervisor. She found another job but was accused of stealing money and fired.

Both Petitioners testified to being physically assaulted by "skinheads" because they are Roma. In 1995, Aranyi was attacked by two skinheads while waiting at a bus stop. They called her a "dirty whore" and pushed her to the ground, causing a minor head injury. She filed a police report, but the investigation was closed when the police could not find the suspects. In 1998, Beck was waiting at a bus stop when two skinheads attacked him with a baseball bat, declaring that Romani people should return to India, their ancestral home. He suffered broken ribs and skin lesions and needed knee surgery. Witnesses mocked him and fled the scene. Beck filed a police report, but the police eventually notified him that they were discontinuing the investigation because they could not find the culprits. In 2000, Beck and Aranyi were in a line for food when Beck was pushed and kicked and told to go to a pigsty, where gypsies belong. When Beck refused to leave the line, he was hit in the forehead, requiring first aid. He reported the incident to a policeman, who "was very sympathetic and put a band aid over my injury." Beck filed a police report, but again the suspects were never found.

Based on Petitioners' credible testimony and Department of State country reports, the IJ found "pervasive countrywide discrimination against Roma or gypsies" resulting in Petitioners being "relegated to lower societal and economic opportunities." However, the IJ...