Belcher v. JH Fletcher & Co.

• Decision Date: 19 September 1980
• Docket Number: Civ. A. No. 80-1005.
• Citation: 498 F. Supp. 629
• Court: U.S. District Court — Southern District of West Virginia
• Parties: Nancy L. BELCHER, Administratrix of the Estate of Carl V. Belcher, Deceased, Plaintiff, v. J. H. FLETCHER & COMPANY, a corporation, Defendant and Third-Party Plaintiff, v. ALLIED CHEMICAL CORPORATION, a corporation, Third-Party Defendant.

498 F. Supp. 629

Nancy L. BELCHER, Administratrix of the Estate of Carl V. Belcher, Deceased, Plaintiff, v. J. H. FLETCHER & COMPANY, a corporation, Defendant and Third-Party Plaintiff, v. ALLIED CHEMICAL CORPORATION, a corporation, Third-Party Defendant.

Civ. A. No. 80-1005.

United States District Court S. D. West Virginia, Bluefield Division.

September 19, 1980.

G. David Brumfield, Ballard & Brumfield, Welch, W. Va., for plaintiff.

Donald D. Hodson, Beckley, W. Va., for Allied Chemical Corp.

Charles L. Woody, and William T. Brotherton, Charleston, W. Va., for J. H. Fletcher & Co.

MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER

KIDD, District Judge.

This action is before the Court on the motion of third-party defendant, Allied Chemical Corporation, (hereinafter "Allied Chemical"), to dismiss the third-party complaint for failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted.

Plaintiff, on behalf of her decedent, filed a wrongful death action against defendant J. H. Fletcher & Co., (hereinafter "Fletcher"), in the Circuit Court of McDowell County, alleging that decedent's death was a direct and proximate result of the defendant's designing, manufacturing, distributing and selling a defective and unreasonably dangerous roof control drill. Decedent was a coal miner employed by Allied Chemical and was killed while operating a roof control drill. Defendant Fletcher filed a third-party complaint, naming decedent's employer, Allied Chemical, as the third-party defendant and alleging that "the Third-Party Defendant, Allied Chemical Corporation, failed to make or allow to be made safety modifications to the machine plaintiff's decedent was operating and also failed to properly instruct plaintiff's decedent in the operation of said machine." The defendant and third-party plaintiff then demanded judgment against the third-party defendant for any and all sums attributable to the "negligence of Allied Chemical Corporation in and about the accident that caused plaintiff decedent's death ..." The Circuit Court of McDowell County permitted the joinder and the case was timely removed to this Court by Allied Chemical. Allied Chemical then filed its motion to dismiss.

The question before this Court is whether, under West Virginia law, Fletcher is barred from recovery against Allied Chemical by the immunity provisions of the West Virginia Workmen's Compensation Act. For reasons set forth more fully hereinafter, the Court is of the opinion that Allied Chemical's motion should be granted and the third-party complaint dismissed.

Generally, employers who subscribe and pay into the Workmen's Compensation Fund are not to be "held liable to respond in damages at common law or by statute for the injury or death of any employee, however occurring" unless the employer is in default as to payment into the fund. W. Va.Code § 23-2-6. This provision has been consistently construed as relieving the employer from common law liability for negligent injury or the death of an employee. See McVey v. Chesapeake & Potomac Telephone Co., 103 W.Va. 519, 138 S.E. 97 (1927). Thus the right of the injured employee to workmen's compensation has been substituted in lieu of his cause of action against the negligent employer and this remedy of compensation is an exclusive remedy. Makarenko v. Scott, 132 W.Va. 430, 55 S.E.2d 88 (1949).

The immunity form liability extends "to every officer, manager, agent, representative or employee of such employer when he is acting in furtherance of the employer's business and does not inflict an injury with deliberate intention." W.Va.Code § 23-2-6a (emphasis added). Thus, the only exception to the general blanket of immunity is where the employer can be said to have acted with deliberate intention. This exception has been interpreted recently by the West Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals in Mandolidis v. Elkins Industries, Inc., 246 S.E.2d 907 (W.Va.1978). The Mandolidis court held that an employer is subject to a common-law tort action for damages or for wrongful death where the employer commits an intentional tort or engages in wilful, wanton and reckless misconduct. Furthermore, the conduct removing the immunity bar must be undertaken with a knowledge and an appreciation of the high degree of risk of physical harm to another and a finding of liability will require "a strong probability that harm may result."

Here, the plaintiff's complaint makes no allegation of wilful, wanton and reckless misconduct. The plaintiff's complaint is predicated solely upon Fletcher's alleged negligence in the manufacture and design of the roof control drill and plaintiff's amended complaint further alleges that Fletcher failed to warn the "user" about the proper operation of the roof control drill. The third-party complaint also speaks only of negligence and not of wilful, wanton or reckless misconduct. Allied Chemical chose not to file an answer and instead relies upon a...