Bergan v. Bergan

• Court: California Court of Appeals
• Writing for the Court: GERALD BROWN
• Citation: Bergan v. Bergan, 114 Cal.App.3d 567, 170 Cal.Rptr. 751 (Cal. App. 1981)
• Decision Date: 12 January 1981
• Parties: Nora Pearl BERGAN, Plaintiff and Appellant, v. Eldon L. BERGAN, Defendant and Respondent. Civ. 22880.

Page 751

170 Cal.Rptr. 751

114 Cal.App.3d 567

Nora Pearl BERGAN, Plaintiff and Appellant, v. Eldon L. BERGAN, Defendant and Respondent.

Civ. 22880.

Court of Appeal, Fourth District, Division 1, California.

Jan. 12, 1981.

Fred U. Hammett, Jr., San Diego, for plaintiff and appellant.

James S. Duberg, Sacramento, for defendant and respondent.

GERALD BROWN, Presiding Justice.

Nora Pearl Bergan appeals an order quashing service of summons on Eldon L. Bergan.

Nora and Eldon were married in 1956 and separated in June 1978. They lived in California throughout the marriage, and their five children were born in this state. When they separated Eldon moved to Utah until November 1979. He then moved to Arizona, where he now lives.

In July 1978 Nora petitioned for dissolution of the marriage. Eldon did not respond, and an interlocutory judgment of dissolution was entered against him by default. Among other things, the judgment requires him to pay child and spousal support totaling $1,000 per month. The final judgment of dissolution, incorporating the interlocutory judgment without change, was entered at Eldon's request on May 4, 1979. There is no dispute about the court's jurisdiction over Eldon in the dissolution.

Eldon has made none of the support payments required by the judgment. In early 1979, Nora brought contempt proceedings in which the court determined the arrearages had already amounted to more than $5,400. As a result of Eldon's refusal to pay, Nora was forced to institute proceedings to attach his military pension, and she has been receiving about $400 per month from this source since June 1979. Nora alleges the accrued arrearages and other amounts due her under the judgment now exceed $20,000.

In an attempt to secure effective enforcement of the judgment of dissolution, Nora has now filed this civil action, alleging Eldon's failure to make support payments and seeking an ordinary money judgment for the accrued arrearages. Eldon was personally served in Arizona. He appeared specially and moved to quash service, contending the court lacked personal jurisdiction over him because his contacts with California were insufficient to make out-of-state service on him effective. The trial court granted his motion and Nora appeals. ¹

Under section 410.10 of the Code of Civil Procedure, a California court may exercise jurisdiction "on any basis not inconsistent with the Constitution of this state or of the United States." The statute expresses an intent to permit the exercise of the broadest possible jurisdiction, subject only to constitutional limitations (Sibley v. Superior Court, 16 Cal.3d 442, 445, 128 Cal.Rptr. 34, 546 P.2d 322). The basic constitutional restriction on the exercise of jurisdiction over a nonresident defendant is the requirement of sufficient "minimum contacts" between the defendant and the forum state to make it fair to require him to defend the lawsuit there. (Kulko v. Superior Court (1978) 436 U.S. 84, 92, 98 S.Ct. 1690, 1697, 56 L.Ed.2d 132; International Shoe Co. v. Washington (1945) 326 U.S. 310, 316, 66 S.Ct. 154, 158, 90 L.Ed. 95.) In determining whether sufficient contacts exist in a particular case, the court may consider: (1) the nature of the defendant's activities in the forum state; (2) whether the cause of action asserted against him...