Berger v. United States, 626.

• Decision Date: 15 December 1932
• Docket Number: No. 626.,626.
• Citation: 62 F.2d 438
• Parties: BERGER v. UNITED STATES.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Tenth Circuit

62 F.2d 438 (1932)

BERGER v. UNITED STATES.

No. 626.

Circuit Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit.

December 15, 1932.

Harry L. Jacobs, of Kansas City, Mo. (H. C. Castor and Victor J. Rogers, both of Wichita, Kan., and Ringolsky, Boatright & Jacobs, of Kansas City, Mo., on the brief), for appellant.

Donald Little, Asst. U. S. Atty., of Topeka, Kan. (S. M. Brewster, U. S. Atty., of Topeka, Kan., on the brief), for the United States.

Before LEWIS, COTTERAL, and PHILLIPS, Circuit Judges.

PHILLIPS, Circuit Judge.

Berger was convicted and sentenced on three counts of an indictment which charged violations of section 3, title 2 of the National Prohibition Act, section 12, title 27 USCA, and has appealed.

After submission of the case to the jury and after the jury had deliberated thereon for twenty-three hours, the following proceedings occurred:

"By the Court: Gentlemen of the jury, the bailiff told me that the foreman had stated to him to tell me you could not agree on a verdict. Was that authorized by the jury?

"The Jury: Yes, sir.

"By the Court: Without interrogating which way you stand — how are you divided numerically?

"By the Foreman of the Jury: We are uniform on one count.

"By the Court: Well, how are you divided?

"The Foreman: Six and six.

"The Court: On one count?

"The Foreman: On two counts. And agree on one.

"The Court: Well, I want to make a few suggestions to you. The court has its certain functions to perform. The jury has its certain functions to perform. The functions of the jury are to ascertain what the facts are from the evidence delivered in the case. The evidence in this case is very simple and very clear and not very much of it. Some jury must decide the case. The government is at great expense spending all of this time bringing witnesses and spending all of the time we have in the case. I do not anticipate that we could ever get a jury of any more intelligence than the present one to hear the evidence in this case.

"Now you gentlemen are the ultimate judges of the credibility of the witnesses, of the credibility of the testimony. You are the ultimate finders of the facts. Whatever suggestions the court gives you, if they do not appeal to your reason, of course should not be adopted by you. But I think you ought to stop and consider seriously the testimony in this case. All the testimony that there is is undisputed; it is not contradicted; it shows, for instance, that the government agents went to the place of the defendant in this case and got the barrels containing the — containers there, and the other receptacles. That they took that stuff. That they made samples from it, — or took samples from it. That those samples were analyzed by the chemists and they show beyond any question that they were intoxicating liquors. The testimony, as I recall, was that they ran all the way from 38 to 45 per cent of alcohol by volume. The law is that if it is more than one-half of one per cent, that would constitute intoxicating liquor, unless there were ingredients in it that constituted them something else. And the testimony was that all of these extracts, other than the Jamaica ginger itself, — that none of them were made according to the government requirements, and all of them contained at least more than thirty-five per cent of alcohol by volume.

"There was the testimony of two witnesses that the business was operated and run by this defendant Berger. Berger himself told one of the government's agents that he owned the place, operated it. The defendant Beck testified that he worked for him selling the goods. Other witnesses, the two men from Salina, each testified to buying liquor or buying these ingredients from this place, the Sonny Boy Products Company, owned and operated by the defendant. The evidence is clear, gentlemen. Is there any particular point on which you would like to have any evidence read that would assist you in any way?

"Here is an instruction given by one of the courts in a matter where a jury was unable to agree.

"The jury are instructed that in a large proportion of cases absolute certainty cannot be expected. That, although the verdict must be the verdict of each individual juror and not a mere...