Berlin v. Evans
| Citation | 300 F. 677 |
| Parties | BERLIN v. EVANS, and thirty-five other cases. |
| Decision Date | 16 July 1924 |
| Court | U.S. District Court — Eastern District of Pennsylvania |
Albert W. Sanson, of Philadelphia, Pa., for plaintiffs.
Sauder Ehrenreich & Aarons, of Philadelphia, Pa., for defendants.
On Motions to Set Aside Special Master's Report.
In the three cases first above designated Nos. 2259, 2277, and 2321 the testimony was heard before me in open court. Upon ascertaining the fact that it was the intention of counsel to proceed with hearings in the thirty-three remaining cases above designated, an order was entered referring all of the cases to Walter C. Douglas Esq., as special master to take testimony in those cases in which testimony had not been taken, and to report his findings of fact as well as his conclusions of law, with recommendations as to what orders and decrees should be entered in each of the said causes. The order of reference was made because of an exceptional condition, namely, the fact that at that time, in October, 1922, the business of the court was extraordinarily congested, and it would have been impracticable for either judge of this court to give the time necessary for the hearing and determination of this large number of cases without clogging all of the other business of the court.
Attorneys for the defendants, although the facts were well known to them, objected to the reference and availed themselves of a motion to vacate the order of reference to a special master, which was denied. They now move to set aside the report, upon the grounds (1) that as to the three cases in which the trial judge had taken testimony, it was not competent for him to abandon or delegate his functions by referring the cases; (2) that the reference was a violation of equity rule 59, for the reason that, as they claim, no exceptional condition was shown; (3) that a reference to a master cannot be made, except upon consent of the parties; and (4) that the reference was in violation of equity rule 46, providing that in all trials in equity the testimony of witness shall be taken orally and in open court.
I do not agree with the contentions of counsel for the defendants. Rule 46 provides:
'In all trials in equity, the testimony of witnesses shall be taken orally in open court except as otherwise provided by statute or these rules.'
Rule 59 provides an exception:
'Save in matter of account, a reference to a master shall be the exception, not the rule, and shall be made only upon a showing that some exceptional condition requires it.'
The apparent thought of counsel for the defendants is that the rule means there must be a showing of some exceptional condition, satisfactory to the minds of counsel, and they cite as authority for their contention cases the effect of which is that the decision of the case and of the issues joined by the pleadings cannot be referred to a master except by consent. See Kimberly v. Arms, 129 U.S. 512, 9 Sup.Ct. 355, 32 L.Ed. 764; Stokes v. Williams, 226 F. 148, 141 C.C.A. 146; Bliss v. Anaconda Copper Co. (C.C.) 167 F. 342; Haight & Freese Co. v. Weiss, 156 F. 328, 84 C.C.A. 224. The cases cited fully recognize the power of the court, under circumstances justifying it, to refer a case to a master, as do rules 46 and 59. There was nothing in the reference to the special master which left to him the decision of the case or the issues.
Without going into a refinement of discussion, it is apparent on the face of the order of reference that the function of the special master, after taking the testimony where it had not been taken, and considering the testimony already taken, and reporting his findings of fact and his conclusions of law with recommendations, was merely advisory. In fact, it would be so under every reference where the court exercised its discretion under rules 46 and 59, unless the parties agreed otherwise as to the effect of the...
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Remick Music Corp. v. Interstate Hotel Co. of Nebraska
...and of the validity of the copyright in question. The modern authorities seem clearly to support that conclusion. Berlin v. Evans, D.C.Pa., 300 F. 677, 679; M. Witmark & Sons v. Calloway, D.C.Tenn., 22 F.2d 412, 413; Bobrecker v. Denebeim, D.C.Mo., 25 F.Supp. 208, 209, 210; Gerlach-Barklow ......
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Harms, Inc. v. Sansom House Enterprises, Inc.
...Forster Music Publishers, 2 Cir., 1945, 147 F.2d 614, certiorari denied 1945, 325 U.S. 880, 65 S.Ct. 1573, 89 L.Ed. 1996; Berlin v. Evans, D.C.E.D.Pa.1924, 300 F. 677; Edward B. Marks Music Corp. v. Borst Music Pub. Co., D.C.D.N.J.1953, 110 F. Supp. 913. And, as the Berlin case said, in the......
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Freudenthal v. Hebrew Pub. Co.
...the necessary steps to comply with the Copyright Law, 17 U.S.C.A. § 1 et seq., as to registering and has a valid copyright, Berlin v. Evans, D.C., 300 F. 677-679; and that the persons named therein were the authors, Vitaphone Corp. v. Hutchinson Amusement Co., D.C., 28 F.Supp. 526-529; Gerl......
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M. Witmark & Sons v. Calloway
...1909. There is nothing to contradict it, and it is therefore sufficient proof to establish a valid copyright in the plaintiff. Berlin v. Evans (D. C.) 300 F. 677. The rule was different before the Copyright Act of 1909. Bosselman v. Richardson (C. C. A.) 174 F. 622; Lederer v. Saake (C. C.)......