Birdsong v. Com.

• Decision Date: 12 March 2002
• Docket Number: Record No. 0516-01-2.
• Citation: 37 Va. App. 603,560 S.E.2d 468
• Parties: Charles Anthony BIRDSONG v. COMMONWEALTH of Virginia.
• Court: Virginia Court of Appeals

560 S.E.2d 468

37 Va. App. 603

Charles Anthony BIRDSONG v. COMMONWEALTH of Virginia.

Record No. 0516-01-2.

Court of Appeals of Virginia, Richmond.

March 12, 2002.

David M. Gammino, Richmond, for appellant.

Stephen R. McCullough, Assistant Attorney General (Randolph A. Beales, Attorney General, on brief), for appellee.

Present: FITZPATRICK, C.J., and ANNUNZIATA, J., and COLEMAN, Senior Judge.

FITZPATRICK, Chief Judge.

Charles Anthony Birdsong (appellant) was convicted in a bench trial of possession of cocaine with intent to distribute, in violation of Code § 18.2-248, and possession of a firearm while in possession of cocaine, in violation of Code § 18.2-308.4. On appeal, he contends that the evidence was insufficient to prove he constructively possessed the drugs and gun which were found in a locked safe. For the following reasons, we affirm the judgment of the trial court.

I. BACKGROUND

Under familiar principles of appellate review, we examine the evidence in the light most favorable to the Commonwealth, the prevailing party below, granting to it all reasonable inferences fairly deducible therefrom. See Juares v. Commonwealth, 26 Va. App. 154, 156, 493 S.E.2d 677, 678 (1997)

.

So viewed, the evidence established that on April 6, 2000, at approximately 10:15 p.m., police officer Kevin Harver (Harver) executed a search warrant at 323 Winston Street in Henrico County. Appellant was not present during the search. His mother, who lived at the home, arrived during the execution of the search warrant but remained outside. The townhouse had two stories with two bedrooms upstairs, the front "female" bedroom and the rear "male" bedroom.

The male bedroom contained two beds and a closet. A dresser and a locked safe were located inside the closet. Papers belonging to appellant were found on top of the dresser, in the dresser drawers, and scattered on the floor of the closet by the dresser. All of the papers were addressed to Charles Birdsong, including a copy of a March 1, 2000 misdemeanor warrant, a cognizance bond receipt, a capias, and an Alltel phone bill. Adult male clothes were also found in the room. A handgun, ammunition, a baggie containing 27.5 grams of cocaine, and a sock stuffed with $2,900 out of a total $6,604.19 in cash were found inside the locked safe. The sock tested positive for DNA that matched the DNA profile of appellant. The DNA certificate of analysis indicated that the probability of randomly selecting an unrelated individual with a matching DNA profile was one in 88 million in the black population.

At trial, appellant's mother testified that neither the safe nor its contents belonged to her and that she did not know the combination to the safe. She stated that appellant had a key to the townhouse and used the rear bedroom. Her eleven-year-old son, Gregory, slept in the front room with her. Her third son, Rondell, who previously had been arrested for a drug offense, visited occasionally, but kept no property in the townhouse. She acknowledged that she had been working twelve hour days in April and did not know who was at the townhouse while she was at work.

Delores White (White), a neighbor who lived next door to 323 Winston Street, testified that during the spring of 2000 "[appellant] was there just about every day," and because of that, she asked him to "watch out for [her] apartment." During this time, she saw appellant leave the townhouse with "baggies in his hands." White also stated that on April 6, 2000, the day the search warrant was executed, at approximately 3:00 p.m. she saw appellant use a key to let himself and a female friend into the townhouse. White also testified that she knew appellant's brother Gregory, but she did not know Rondell.

II. STANDARD OF REVIEW

In reviewing the sufficiency of the evidence, "the judgment of the trial court sitting without a jury is entitled to the same weight as a jury verdict." Saunders v. Commonwealth, 242 Va. 107, 113, 406 S.E.2d 39, 42, cert. denied, 502 U.S. 944, 112 S.Ct. 386, 116 L.E d.2d 337 (1991).

"[T]he trial court's judgment will not be set aside unless plainly wrong or without evidence to support it." Hunley v. Commonwealth, 30 Va.App. 556, 559, 518 S.E.2d 347, 349 (1999). "The credibility of a witness and the inferences to be drawn from proven facts are matters solely for the fact finder's determination." Marable v. Commonwealth, 27 Va.App. 505, 509, 500 S.E.2d 233, 235 (1998) (citation omitted).

III. CONSTRUCTIVE POSSESSION

Appellant contends the trial court erred in finding the evidence sufficient to prove that he constructively possessed the gun and drugs found in the locked safe. Specifically, he argues that the evidence at trial failed to show that he had access to the safe, was aware of the presence and character of the cocaine in the safe, and that he exercised dominion over it. We disagree.

"The Commonwealth may prove possession of a controlled substance by showing either actual or constructive possession." Barlow v. Commonwealth, 26 Va.App. 421, 429, 494 S.E.2d 901, 904 (1998).

"To establish `possession' in the legal sense, not only must the Commonwealth show actual or constructive possession of the drug by the defendant, it must also establish that the defendant intentionally and consciously possessed the drug with knowledge of its nature and character." Williams v. Commonwealth, 14 Va.App. 666, 669, 418 S.E.2d 346, 348 (1992) (citation omitted).

To support a conviction based on constructive possession, "the Commonwealth must point to evidence of acts, statements, or conduct of the accused or other facts or circumstances which tend to show that the defendant was aware of both the presence and character of the substance and that it was subject to his dominion and control."

Glasco v. Commonwealth, 26 Va.App. 763, 774, 497 S.E.2d 150, 155 (1998) (citation omitted) (emphasis added).

"Proof of constructive possession necessarily rests on circumstantial evidence; thus, "all necessary circumstances proved must be consistent with guilt and inconsistent with innocence and exclude every reasonable hypothesis of innocence."` " Burchette v. Commonwealth, 15 Va.App. 432, 434, 425 S.E.2d 81, 83 (1992) (citations omitted). However, "Mlle Commonwealth need only exclude reasonable hypotheses of innocence that flow from the evidence, not, those that spring from the imagination of the defendant." Hamilton v. Commonwealth, 16 Va.App. 751, 755, 433 S.E.2d 27, 29 (1993).

Although mere proximity to drugs is insufficient to establish possession, it is a circumstance which may be probative in determining whether an accused possessed such drugs. Ownership or occupancy of the [location] in which drugs are found is likewise a circumstance probative of

...