Board of Trustees v. Stubblefield

• Court: California Court of Appeals
• Writing for the Court: COMPTON; ROTH, P.J., and HERNDON
• Citation: Board of Trustees v. Stubblefield, 16 Cal.App.3d 820, 94 Cal.Rptr. 318 (Cal. App. 1971)
• Decision Date: 20 April 1971
• Parties: BOARD OF TRUSTEES of the COMPTON JUNIOR COLLEGE DISTRICT of LOS ANGELES COUNTY, Plaintiff and Respondent, v. Joseph William STUBBLEFIELD, Defendant and Appellant. Civ. 36691.

Page 318

94 Cal.Rptr. 318

16 Cal.App.3d 820

BOARD OF TRUSTEES of the COMPTON JUNIOR COLLEGE DISTRICT of LOS ANGELES COUNTY, Plaintiff and Respondent, v. Joseph William STUBBLEFIELD, Defendant and Appellant.

Civ. 36691.

Court of Appeal, Second District, Division 2, California.

April 20, 1971.

Rehearing Denied May 13, 1971.

Hearing Denied June 17, 1971.

Norman W. Gordon, Lakeview, for appellant.

John D. Maharg, County Counsel, by Kenneth E. Reynolds, Deputy County Counsel, for respondent.

COMPTON, Associate Justice.

On March 4, 1969, the Board of Trustees of the Compton Junior College District (hereinafter referred to as the Board) pursuant to Education Code sections 13403, 13404 and 13408, suspended defendant, a certificated teacher, from his employment with the Compton Junior College District and notified him of the Board's intention to dismiss him after 30 days. The suspension and dismissal were based upon charges of immoral conduct and evident unfitness for service as provided by section 13403 of the Education Code. ¹ Defendant demanded a hearing as provided for in the statutes. Although not required by the code to do so, the Board held an informal hearing, at which defendant and his counsel were present, and heard evidence concerning the charges. Subsequently, pursuant to section 13412 ² of the Education Code, the Board filed a complaint in the superior court requesting that the court inquire into the charges made against defendant and determine whether or not those charges were true, and if true, whether or not the charges constituted sufficient grounds for the dismissal of defendant. The court found that the charges against defendant were true and were sufficient basis for the Board's dismissal of defendant.

Defendant appeals from the judgment and from the denial of a motion to vacate the judgment under Code of Civil Procedure section 663. In addition, defendant purports to appeal from the trial court's overruling of a demurrer and denial of a new trial, both of which are non- appealable orders. (Code Civ.Proc. § 904.1.) The purported appeals therefrom are dismissed.

We note in passing, however, that as to the demurrer, the written charges and the informal hearing conducted by the Board fully apprised defendant of the nature of the charges.

Reduced to its simplest terms, defendant's contention on appeal is that the trial court erred as a matter of law in holding that defendant's conduct constituted sufficient grounds for dismissal.

Although there was some conflict in the evidence, the conduct in which the trial court found the defendant to have engaged was amply established by competent testimony.

That conduct viewed objectively as well as when viewed in the light of logical inferences to be drawn therefrom was unquestionably, as we shall see, well within even the most restricted definition of 'immoral conduct' as that term is used generally or as it is used in Education Code section 13403.

The evidence of defendant's conduct which the trial court found to be true, a finding which is not assailed by defendant on appeal, can be briefly summarized as follows.

After teaching a class on the night of January 28, 1969, defendant drove a female student, and member of that class, in his car to a location on a side street near Compton College and parked. The location is in an area of industrial construction and was not lighted.

At some time after defendant parked, a Los Angeles County Deputy Sheriff spotted defendant's car. The car appeared to the deputy to be abandoned and he went to investigate. When the deputy illuminated defendant's car with his headlights and searchlight, defendant then sat up. When the deputy approached defendant's car, illuminating the interior with his flashlight, he observed that defendant's pants were unzipped and lowered from the waist, exposing his penis. The student was nude from the waist up, and her capri pants were unzipped and open at the waist.

The deputy orally identified himself as a police officer. In addition, he was wearing a yellow raincoat with a badge on the chest and a helmet bearing a sheriff's emblem. Defendant recognizing that the deputy was a police officer, threw open the left car door, nearly striking the deputy, and shouted, 'Get the hell away from me, you dirty cop.'

As the deputy was standing behind the still open left door, defendant shifted the car into reverse, accelerated rapidly backward, knocking the deputy to the pavement and causing minor injuries to the deputy and damage to his clothing.

Defendant then drove away. The deputy pursued defendant in his patrol car with his red lights flashing, and his siren and searchlight on; during the chase defendant drove at speeds between 80 and 100 miles per hour and refused to yield until the student, by persuasion and by attempting to force the steering wheel to the right, caused defendant to stop.

The legislative scheme for discharging permanent employees of a school district essentially gives the governing board in the first instance the power to suspend and discharge or retain such employee against whom charges have been made under the applicable provisions of section 13403 of the Education Code. When the employee demands a hearing, the board can either rescind its action or ask the superior court to conduct such hearing. Thus, in these cases the court conducts what in other areas of the civil service would be an administrative hearing.

Whether this rather unique procedure amounts to superior court review of an administrative determination, or an ordinary decision of the superior court, the scope of our review is the same. (See Moran v. Board of Medical Examiners, 32 Cal.2d 301, 196 P.2d 20.) We must determine only whether the findings and conclusions of the trial court, as a matter of law, lack support in the record. Although a public employee has no constitutional right to his position, he cannot be barred or removed arbitrarily. (Citations.) Action is arbitrary * * * when the facts do not reasonably justify the conclusion. (Citations.)' (Hollon v. Pierce, 257 Cal.App.2d 468, 478, 64 Cal.Rptr. 808, 814.)

Thus, we turn to the court's conclusion that the defendant's conduct here was sufficient grounds for suspension and dismissal.

"* * * The calling (of a teacher) is so intimate, its duties so delicate, the things in which a teacher might prove unworthy or would fail are so numerous that they are incapable of enumeration in any legislative enactment. * * * His habits, his speech, his good name, his cleanliness, the wisdom and propriety of his unofficial utterances, his associations, all are involved. His ability to inspire children and to govern them, his power as a teacher, and the character for which he stands are matters of major concern in a teacher's selection and retention." (Board of Education v. Weiland, 179 Cal.App.2d 808, 4 Cal.Rptr. 286, citing from Goldsmith v. Board of Education, 66 Cal.App. 157, 168, 225 P. 783.)

There are certain professions which impose upon persons attrached to them, responsibilities and limitations on freedom of action which do not exist in regard to other callings. Public officials such as judges, policemen and schoolteachers fall into such a category.

As between a teacher and his student, '(a)n important part of the education * * * is the instilling of a proper respect for authority and obedience to necessary discipline. Lessons are learned from example as well as from precept.' (Johnson v. Taft School Dist., 19 Cal.App.2d 405, 408, 65 P.2d 912.) And as our Supreme Court said in Board of Education v. Swan, 41 Cal.2d 546, at 552, 261 P.2d 261, at 265, 'A teacher * * * in the public school system is regarded by the public and pupils in the light of an examplar, whose words and actions are likely to be followed by the (students) coming under (his) care and protection.'

It would seem that, as a minimum, responsible conduct upon the part of a teacher, even at the college level, excludes meretricious relationships with his students and physical and verbal assaults on duly constituted authorities in the presence of his students.

Defendant quickly calls to our attention the recent pronouncement of our Supreme Court in Morrison v. State Board of Education, 1 Cal.3d 214, at p. 217, 82 Cal.Rptr. 175, at p. 177, 461 P.2d 375, at p. 377.

In that case the court held that the revocation of a teaching credential upon grounds of 'immoral and unprofessional conduct and acts involving moral turpitude' could not be supported by evidence limited to a showing that on one occasion three years in the past, while under severe stress, the teacher had engaged in an undescribed but noncriminal private act 'of a homosexual nature' with a consenting adult. The court concluded that, '* * * the State Board of Education can revoke a life diploma or other document of certification and thus prohibit local school officials from hiring a particular teacher only if that individual has in...