Borchenko v. L'Oreal USA, Inc.

Decision Date18 July 2019
Docket NumberCase No. 2:19-cv-01427-R-AS
Citation389 F.Supp.3d 769
Parties Nataliya BORCHENKO v. L'OREAL USA, INC.
CourtU.S. District Court — Central District of California

David N. Lake, Law Offices of David N. Lake APC, Encino, CA, Manfred Patrick Muecke, Patricia N. Syverson, Bonnett Fairbourn Friedman and Balint PC, San Diego, CA, Carrie A. Laliberte, Pro Hac Vice, Elaine A. Ryan, Pro Hac Vice, Bonnett Fairbourn Friedman and Balint PC, Phoenix, AZ, for Nataliya Borchenko.

Thomas B. Mayhew, Elizabeth Dorsi, Farella Braun and Martel LLP, San Francisco, CA, for L’Oreal USA, Inc.

Proceedings: (IN CHAMBERS) Order Re: Defendant's Motion to Dismiss Case or, in the Alternative, to Stay Under Primary Jurisdiction (DE 22)
The Honorable R. GARY KLAUSNER, UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE
I. INTRODUCTION

On February 26, 2019, Plaintiff Nataliya Borchenko ("Plaintiff") filed a Complaint asserting a single cause of action for Violation of the California Unfair Competition Law ("UCL"), Business and Professions Code § 17200, et seq. , against Defendant L'Oreal USA, Inc. ("Defendant").

Presently before the Court is Defendant's Motion to Dismiss Case or, in the Alternative, to Stay Under Primary Jurisdiction. For the following reasons, the Court GRANTS the Motion to Dismiss.

II. Factual Background

Plaintiff alleges that Defendant has manufactured, marketed, sold, and distributed several skin care products under its Revitalift line, including (1) Anti-Wrinkle + Firming Eye Treatment; (2) Anti-Wrinkle + Firming Face & Neck Moisturizer; (3) Anti-Wrinkle + Firming Day Moisturizer; (4) Anti-Wrinkle + Firming Night Cream Moisturizer; (5) Cicacream; (6) Triple Power Intensive Skin Revitalizer Serum + Moisturizer; (7) Triple Power Day Lotion Moisturizer; (8) Triple Power Deep-Acting Moisturizer; (9) Triple Power Intensive Anti-Aging Overnight Mask; (10) Triple Power Eye Treatment; (11) Triple Power Concentrated Serum Treatment; (12) Triple Power Intensive Anti-Aging Day Cream Moisturizer; (13) Double Lifting Face Treatment; (14) Double Lifting Eye Treatment; (15) Bright Reveal Brightening Peel Pads; (16) Bright Reveal Brightening Day Moisturizer; and (17) Bright Reveal Brightening Dual Overnight Moisturizer (the "Products"). Plaintiff alleges that the Products make various representations including (1) that they reduce wrinkles; (2) that they "lift" the skin; (3) that they "firm," "tighten," or "redensify" the skin; and (4) that they "strengthen" and "repair the skin barrier." Plaintiff contends that these representations are unlawful because they are "skin structural representations," qualifying them as "drugs" under California's Sherman Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Law ("Sherman Law"). Cal. Health & Safety Code § 109925(c). Moreover, she contends that the Food and Drug Administration ("FDA") has declared such representations to be "drug claims," making the Products drugs under the federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetics Act ("FDCA"), 21 U.S.C. § 301, et seq.

Plaintiff asserts that cosmetics cannot be marketed as skin structure altering drugs without pre-approval from the FDA through the New Drug Application ("NDA") process unless they conform to a "monograph" for a particular drug category. Monographs identify approved ingredients for specified uses generally recognized as safe and effective. Products containing active ingredients that are non-monograph cannot be marketed to the public without an approved NDA, which requires, inter alia , that Defendant present evidence that the products are safe and effective for their represented uses. Plaintiff alleges that the active ingredients in the Products do not conform to monographs for wrinkle prevention, elimination, and reduction; skin lifting, tightening, and firming; or improving skin elasticity. Defendant did not subject the Products to the NDA process and did not obtain pre-approval from the FDA to sell the Products with the skin structural representations. However, Plaintiff takes no position on whether the skin structural representations are true or false.

III. JUDICIAL STANDARD

Defendant moves for dismissal pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6) on the grounds of implicit preemption and lack of standing. Under Rule 12(b)(6), a party may move to dismiss for "failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted." Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6). "To survive a motion to dismiss, a complaint must contain sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to ‘state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face.’ " Ashcroft v. Iqbal , 556 U.S. 662, 678, 129 S.Ct. 1937, 173 L.Ed.2d 868 (2009) (quoting Bell Atl. Corp v. Twombly , 550 U.S. 544, 570, 127 S.Ct. 1955, 167 L.Ed.2d 929 (2007) ). A claim is plausible if the plaintiff alleges enough facts to draw a reasonable inference that the defendant is liable. Iqbal , 556 U.S. at 678, 129 S.Ct. 1937. A plaintiff need not provide detailed factual allegations but must provide more than mere legal conclusions. Twombly , 550 U.S. at 555, 127 S.Ct. 1955. However, "[t]hreadbare recitals of the elements of a cause of action, supported by mere conclusory statements, do not suffice." Iqbal , 556 U.S. at 678, 129 S.Ct. 1937.

IV. DISCUSSION

21 U.S.C. § 337(a) implicitly preempts any private right of action to enforce the FDCA, providing in relevant part, "proceedings for the enforcement, or to restrain violations, of this Act shall be by and in the name of the United States."

The FDCA defines cosmetics as "articles intended to be rubbed, poured, sprinkled, or sprayed on, introduced into, or otherwise applied to the human body ... for cleansing, beautifying, promoting attractiveness, or altering the appearance." 21 U.S.C. § 321(i). Referencing this definition, Plaintiff contends that the Products are cosmetics. However, she argues that the Products are also "drugs" under the FDCA definition because they are "intended to affect the structure or any function of the body of man." 21 U.S.C. § 321(g)(1). California's Sherman Law parallels the FDCA in material part and adopts all nonprescription drug regulations.

In order to escape preemption by the FDCA, "[t]he plaintiff must be suing for conduct that violates the FDCA ..., but the plaintiff must not be suing because the conduct violates the FDCA (such a claim would be impliedly preempted under Buckman [Co. v. Plaintiffs' Legal Committee , 531 U.S. 341, 350, 121 S.Ct. 1012, 148 L.Ed.2d 854 (2001) ] )." Perez v. Nidek Co. , 711 F.3d 1109, 1120 (9th Cir. 2013) (citing In re Medtronic, Inc., Sprint Fidelis Leads Prods. Liab. Litig. , 623 F.3d 1200, 1204 (8th Cir. 2010) ). In Perez , the plaintiff brought a state law fraud-by-omission claim, asserting that the defendants misled the proposed class "by failing to disclose that [a medical device laser] was not FDA approved for hyperopic [LASIK] surgeries." Id. at 1117. The claim was preempted since it existed only because of the FDA approval system: "Like the fraud-on-the-FDA claims in Buckman , Perez's fraud by omission claim ‘exist[s] solely by virtue of the FDCA ....’ As in Buckman , ‘the existence of these federal enactments is a critical element in their case.’ " Id. at 1119. "Central to the Court's reasoning in Buckman was that the state law claim asserted there ‘exist[ed] solely by virtue’ of the federal enactments because state law traditionally had no role to play in policing ‘the relationship between a federal agency and the entity it regulates.’ But Buckman left intact claims ‘relying on traditional state tort law which had predated the federal enactments in question." Stengel v. Medtronic Inc. , 704 F.3d 1224, 1235 (9th Cir. 2013) (Watford, J., concurring) (internal citations omitted).

The provisions of the Sherman Law cited by Plaintiff each rely on and essentially mirror parallel provisions of the FDCA. For instance, the section of the Sherman Law which limits the sale of new drugs is explicitly based on whether the product has received federal premarket approval: "No person shall sell, deliver, or give away any new drug ... unless ... (a) It is ... (1) A new drug, and a new drug application has been approved for it and that approval has not been withdrawn, terminated, or suspended under Section 505 of the federal act ( 21 U.S.C. Sec. 355 )." Cal. Health & Safety Code § 111550.

In addition to referencing the Sherman Law, Plaintiff relies heavily on FDA warning letters and informal guidance to argue that Defendant's products make "drug claims" and, therefore, must receive federal premarket approval.

In her Opposition, Plaintiff cites to Farm Raised Salmon Cases , 42 Cal.4th 1077, 72 Cal.Rptr.3d 112, 175 P.3d 1170 (2008) for the contention that UCL claims like Plaintiff's are not preempted so long as they do not seek "to enforce the FDCA." However, the Complaint does in large part seek to enforce the FDCA since Plaintiff seeks injunctive...

To continue reading

Request your trial
5 cases
  • Exela Pharma Scis., LLC v. Sandoz, Inc., CIVIL CASE NO. 1:19-cv-00318-MR
    • United States
    • U.S. District Court — Western District of North Carolina
    • September 15, 2020
    ...law cause of action if a plaintiff's true goal is to privately enforce alleged violations of the FDCA." Borchenko v. L'Oreal USA, Inc., 389 F.Supp.3d 769, 773 (C.D. Cal. 2019) (citation and quotations omitted)."The test for determining whether a state law claim is impliedly preempted is whe......
  • Corbett v. PharmaCare U.S., Inc.
    • United States
    • U.S. District Court — Southern District of California
    • October 19, 2021
    ...not a dietary supplement claim, and the district court relied on Buckman and Perez to supports its ruling on preemption. 389 F. Supp. 3d 769, 773-74 (C.D. Cal. 2019).9 Moreover, in this section concerning theory of deception, Defendant confusingly throws in various arguments, some of which ......
  • Smith v. Hi-Tech Pharm., Inc.
    • United States
    • Georgia Court of Appeals
    • June 24, 2022
    ...preempted by federal law; plaintiff's manufacturing defect claim involving medical device was not preempted); Borchenko v. L'Oreal USA , 389 F.Supp.3d 769 (C.D. Cal. 2019) (cosmetics); In re Bayer Corp. Combination Aspirin Products Mktg. & Sales Practices Litigation , 701 F.Supp.2d 356 (E.D......
  • Somers v. Beiersdorf, Inc.
    • United States
    • U.S. District Court — Southern District of California
    • April 15, 2020
    ...the FDA, not a California regulatory body, when she filed her Citizen Petition in 2015.Somers next attempts to differentiate this case from Borchenko , a recent case from the Central District of California. Like the current case, the plaintiff in Borchenko alleged that several skin-care pro......
  • Request a trial to view additional results

VLEX uses login cookies to provide you with a better browsing experience. If you click on 'Accept' or continue browsing this site we consider that you accept our cookie policy. ACCEPT