Boston Law Book Co. v. Hathorn, 1282
| Decision Date | 06 November 1956 |
| Docket Number | No. 1282,1282 |
| Citation | 127 A.2d 120,119 Vt. 416 |
| Court | Vermont Supreme Court |
| Parties | BOSTON LAW BOOK COMPANY v. Everett L. HATHORN, John L. Boudro, Eldon B. Dodge, doing business as Dodge's Esso Service. |
Fitts & Olson, Brattleboro, for plaintiff.
Louis A. Perkins, Windsor, for defendants Boudro and Dodge.
Before JEFFORDS, C. J., and CLEARY, ADAMS, HULBURD and HOLDEN, JJ.
The plaintiff Boston Law Book Company, a Delaware corporation with office at Boston, Massachusetts instituted this proceeding in the court of chancery for Windsor County for declaratory relief under Chapter 77 Vermont Statutes Revision of 1947 seeking a declaration of title paramount to that of the defendants to certain law books conditionally sold by the plaintiff to the defendant Hathorn. Hathorn failed to appear, and as to him the plaintiff's bill was taken as confessed. The defendants Boudro and Dodge appeared, answered the complaint, and agreed with the plaintiff to the material facts. Hearing was had on the agreed facts, and findings made by the Chancellor were filed and accepted.
The facts thus found establish that the defendant Hathorn, an attorney resident and practicing at Windsor in this State, undertook to purchase from the plaintiff, law books designated by title as the Atlantic Reporter and the Vermont Atlantic Digest. Purchase was by way of a written conditional sales agreement, signed by the vendee and dated at Windsor March 12, 1945. By its terms, title was reserved in the vendor until the monthly payments provided were accomplished. Shipment of the Atlantic Reporter and Vermont Digest was made to the defendant Hathorn at Windsor. The memorandum of this conditional sales agreement has not been recorded in Vermont.
On April 28, 1948 the defendant Hathorn signed the following memorandum at Windsor, Vermont, entitled merger contract. 'Ship to me the books listed, freight paid, for which I agree to pay you
to 1948 186.00
& sub to future Vols @ $10 per Vol
--------
726.00
Unpaid Balance on purchase price of
Atl Reporter & Atl. Digest
OS 362.00
5/18/48
--------
Terms: $15.00 per month beginning June 15, 1948 without interest except on overdue installments.
This contract is subject to approval by vendor, who retains title to said books until paid.
F. G. Barry /s/
Signed Everett L. Hathorn /s/
Address 74 Main St.
City Windsor State Vt.'
The memorandum was received by the plaintiff at Boston on May 1, 1948. It was approved by the plaintiff about May 18, 1948 and the books specified as Corpus Juris and C.J.S. were shipped by the plaintiff by mail or common carrier from Boston or St. Paul, Minnesota, the following week. The memorandum of April 28, 1948 was received for record by the Town of Windsor and recorded on March 30, 1953.
The defendant Hathorn has failed to pay the amount due under the agreement, and there is presently due a balance of $1220.70 together with future interest on overdue installments from February 14, 1955.
In an action of contract brought by the defendant Dodge against the defendant Hathorn, the law books specified Corpus Juris, Corpus Juris Secundum, Corpus Juris Annotations, Atlantic Reporter, Atlantic Reporter, Second Series and Atlantic Reporter Digest were attached. Judgment was obtained against the defendant Hathorn upon which execution issued. The subject law books were taken by the defendant Boudro in his capacity as deputy sheriff but sale of the property was enjoined in this cause.
The agreed facts further set forth that the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts 'do not require that a conditional sale of law books be recorded in any place in order for the lien of the seller of the conditionally sold goods to be preserved against subsequent attaching creditors of the vendee.'
A decree predicated on these facts adjudged the title to the law books taken on execution at the suit of Dodge is now and remains in the plaintiff Boston Law Book Co. The decree enjoins the defendants Dodge and Boudro from levying execution, making sale or in any way interfering with this property of the plaintiff. To the decree thus founded, the defendants Dodge and Boudro brought this appeal on the single exception that the decree was not warranted by the findings made.
The heading by which the final conditional sales agreement was designated indicates that the parties intended the contract of March 12, 1945 to become superseded by the subsequent merger agreement of April 28, 1948, and the two contracts thereby became merged. 78 C.J.S., Sales, § 565, p. 274; and see Babcock & Russell v. Hawkins, 23 Vt. 561, 564.
On the subject of conditional vendor's liens, our statutory law provides by V.S.1947, § 2775: 'A lien reserved on personal property sold conditionally and passing into the hands of the conditional purchaser shall not be valid against attaching creditors or subsequent purchasers without notice, unless the vendor of such property takes a written memorandum witnessing such lien, the sum due thereon and signed by the purchaser, and causes the same to be recorded within thirty days after such property is delivered, in the office of the clerk of the town where the purchaser of such property then resides, if he resides in the state, otherwise in the office of the clerk of the town where the vendor resides. * * *'
The findings upon which the decree was made are silent on the subject of actual notice on the part of the defendants Dodge and Boudro, and no facts appear from which an inference of actual notice by the attaching creditor can be made. Although a construction is afforded to agreed statement of facts against the excepting party, Toussaint v. Stone, 116 Vt. 425, 427, 77 A.2d 824; Grand Lodge, etc., v. Burlington, 104 Vt. 515, 517, 162 A. 368; the construction must be reasonable and cannot provide positive findings of fact not incorporated in the facts agreed upon. St. Albans Hospital v. City of St. Albans, 107 Vt. 59, 62 176 A. 302.
The record of the plaintiff's lien accomplished nearly five years subsequent to the expiration of thirty days after the last delivery of the subject law books to the conditional purchaser affords no constructive notice to attaching creditors. Bugbee v. Stevens and Bagley, 53 Vt. 389 391. Therefore the defendant Dodge stands on the appeal as an attaching creditor without notice. This status presents a question of conflict of laws that compels a choice of the law of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts as found by the chancellor or the statutory law of this State. Application of the law of Massachusetts thus found, will have the effect of affording immunity to the law books from attachment at the suit of the defendant Dodge. On the other hand, if the law of Vermont controls, the failure of the plaintiff conditional vendor to comply with V.S.1947, § 2775 renders the plaintiff's title to the subject property inferior to the lien of the attaching creditor Dodge.
The plaintiff contends that in this conflict the answer to the legal question propounded is made and found in Barrett v. Kelley, 66 Vt. 515, 29 A. 809, and places determinant reliance on this authority. In that cause, the title of the plaintiff to the property of one Swett was predicated on insolvency proceedings that effected a transfer of the insolvent Swett's property to the plaintiff assignee. The plaintiff's effort to take possession of a safe conditionally sold to the insolvent was prevented by the defendant Kelley, acting for the conditional vendor who took the property and caused it to be returned to the vendor at Boston on the day the plaintiff sought possession. By the contract of conditional sale there in issue, the insolvent vendee directed an order to E. C. Morris & Co. of Boston, the seller, specifying the safe be shipped from Boston, and providing that the safe was to remain the property of the seller until paid for. The order was solicited by the vendor's salesman, subject to approval by E. C. Morris & Co., and stated 'This order and agreement, when accepted by E. C. Morris & Co. in Boston shall take effect as a contract made and executed in Massachusetts.' Shipment of the safe pursuant to the order was made to the vendee in Vermont where it remained in the vendee's possession until taken by the defendant and returned to the seller. The Court framed the legal question there to be 'whether the contract for the sale of the safe which was made in Massachusetts, and the safe, which by the laws of that state was exempt from attachment and execution by the creditors of Swett, and from insolvency proceedings against him, became subject to the laws of this state in regard to attachment, execution and insolvency proceedings, the same as they would have been if the property had been in the state and the contract for its conditional sale had been made here?' The Court resolved the question thus framed in this language 'On the authority of Cobb v. Buswell, 37 Vt. 337, where the question was fully considered by the court, it must be held, that the rights of E. C. Morris & Co., to the safe and, by comity of law, will be fixed by the contract under the laws of Massachusetts where the safe was and the contract in regard to its conditional sale was made.'
The facts recited in Barrett v. Kelley and the facts before us now baspeak several distinctions. The sales agreement provided that the law of Massachusetts would prevail. The subject property was removed from Vermont by the vendee before possession was taken by the insolvent's assignee. Although a statute requiring record of conditional sales liens was in effect, R.L. § 1992, no reference was made to the statute and it apparently was not before the Court.
Beyond these points of departure, more compelling reasons question the authority of Barrett v. Kelley. By its very language, the foundation of the Barrett case rests in Cobb v. Buswell, 37...
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