Bowman v. U.S.A
| Decision Date | 22 February 2010 |
| Docket Number | No. 92 Cr. 392(PKL).,92 Cr. 392(PKL). |
| Citation | 685 F.Supp.2d 519 |
| Parties | John BOWMAN, Petitioner, v. UNITED STATES of America, Respondent. |
| Court | U.S. District Court — Southern District of New York |
Richard B. Zabel, Otto G. Obermaeir United States Attorney Southern District of New York, New York, NY, for Respondent.
John Bowman ("Bowman" or "petitioner"), pro se, moves this Court to reconsider its June 24, 2009 denial of his motion for a reduced sentence pursuant to 18 U.S.C § 3582(c)(2). Bowman contends that the Court overlooked controlling decisions and facts in denying his petition, namely Amendment 706 of the retroactive 2007 amendments to the United States Sentencing Guidelines (the "Guidelines") for offenses involving cocaine base ("crack cocaine"). For the reasons stated below petitioner's motion for reconsideration is DENIED.
The facts underlying Bowman's conviction have been laid out in detail in this Court's prior decisions. See Bowman v United States, 629 F.Supp.2d 318 (S.D.N.Y.2009) (Leisure, J.); United States v. Bowman, No. 92 Cr. 392, 1999 WL 413459 (S.D.N.Y. June 21, 1999) (Leisure, J.); Eubanks v. United States, 11 F.Supp.2d 455 (S.D.N.Y.1998) (Leisure J.); United States v. Eubanks, Nos. S7 92 Cr. 392, 96 Civ. 9225, 1997 WL 401667 (S.D.N.Y. July 16, 1997) (Leisure, J.).1Accordingly, the Court only provides a brief recitation of those facts germane to the instant motion.
On December 11, 1992, a jury convicted Bowman of distribution of and possession with intent to distribute approximately 26.1 kilograms of crack cocaine, and aiding and abetting the same, in violation of 21 U.S.C. §§ 812, 841(a)(1), 841(b)(1)(B), and 18 U.S.C. § 2. See Eubanks, 11 F.Supp.2d at 458. This Court sentenced Bowman to life imprisonment and ten years of supervised release. Id. In a Summary Order entered December 8, 1994, the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit affirmed Bowman's conviction. Id. at 459. Subsequently, by an Opinion and Order dated August 11, 1998, this Court considered and rejected Bowman's contentions that (i) the Court improperly enhanced his sentence for obstruction of justice and managerial role, (ii) the Court improperly increased Bowman's sentence due to his prior felony convictions, and (iii) Bowman should be resentenced pursuant to Amendment 505 to the Guidelines, which took effect on November 1, 1994. See id. at 461. In 2008, Bowman again moved to reduce his sentence pursuant to the 2007 amendments to the Guidelines for offenses involving crack cocaine. See Bowman, 629 F.Supp.2d at 318; see also 18 U.S.C. § 3582(c)(2); U.S. Sentencing Guidelines Manual ("U.S.S.G.") § 1B1.10 (2008). This motion was denied by a Memorandum Order dated June 24, 2009, upon finding the amendments inapplicable to Bowman's sentence. Bowman, 629 F.Supp.2d at 319. Bowman now moves this Court to reconsider its denial of his motion for a reduced sentence.2
Bowman contends "that the court failed to take into account several significant facts and legal precedents when it denied his 18 U.S.C. 3582(c)(2) petition [per] taming to his amendment 706 arg[u]ment." (Petr.'s Mot. Recons. 1.) First, "Bowman contends that this court and other district courts failed to consider the ex post facto question of law presented in his case." (Id 2 ().) Bowman argues that "[t]o hold [him] in excess of 4.5 kilograms of crack cocaine is a violation of the ex post facto principles." (Id.)
Second, Bowman maintains that "Amendment 505 that became effective on November 1, 1994, capped the base offense level for all drug offenses at 38 for offenses involving 1.5 kilograms or more of crack." (Id.) He then states that, taking the 2007 amendments, namely Amendment 706, into account, "should lead to a base offense level of 36." (Id) Bowman then concludes that, in light of these amendments, his "total offense level would be 43," yielding a sentence with "a bottom range of 360 month[s]." (Id)
The Court begins by addressing the standard of review applicable to motions for reconsideration. Next, the Court ana- lyzes the relevant provisions of the Guidelines and the amendments thereto. The Court then applies the law to Bowman's sentence and determines that he is ineligible for a sentence reduction.
A motion for reconsideration "will generally be denied unless the moving party can point to controlling decisions or data that the court overlooked... that might reasonably be expected to alter the conclusion reached by the court." Shrader v. CSX Transp., Inc., 70 F.3d 255, 257 (2d Cir.1995) (citing Schonberger v. Serchuk 742 F.Supp. 108, 119 (S.D.N.Y.1990) (Leisure, J.)). On a motion for reconsideration, the movant may not relitigate issues already decided by the Court, but rather must demonstrate that "the Court overlooked controlling decisions or factual matters that were put before it on the underlying motion." Eisemann v. Greene, 204 F.3d 393, 395 n. 2 (2d Cir.2000) (per curiam) (citation and internal quotation marks omitted); see also Muyet v. United States, Nos. 03 Civ. 4247, 95 Cr. 941, 2009 WL 2568430, at *2-3 (S.D.N.Y. Aug. 19, 2009) (Leisure, J.); United States v. Regalado, No. 96 Cr. 505, 2009 WL 1953414, at *3 (S.D.N.Y. July 7, 2009) (Leisure, J.). "The major grounds justifying reconsideration are 'an intervening change in controlling law, the availability of new evidence, or the need to correct a clear error or prevent manifest injustice.'" Cordero v. Astrue, 574 F.Supp.2d 373, 379-80 (S.D.N.Y.2008) .
Section 3582 of Title 18 of the U.S.Code permits a court to "reduce the term of imprisonment" if it was imposed "based on a sentencing range that has subsequently been lowered by the Sentencing Commission." 18 U.S.C. § 3582(c)(2). This statute provides a limited exception to the general principle that " '[a] district court may not generally modify a term of imprisonment once it has been imposed.'" United States v. Delileon, 353 Fed.Appx. 468, 469 (2d Cir.2009) (quoting Cortorreal v. United States, 486 F.3d 742, 744 (2d Cir. 2007) (per curiam)). To determine "whether, and to what extent, a reduction in the defendant's term of imprisonment... is warranted," the Court must substitute the amended provisions of Section 2D 1.1(c) of the Guidelines and "leave all other guideline application decisions unaffected." U.S.S.G. § lB1.10(b)(l).
On November 1, 2007, Amendment 706 to the Guidelines took effect, increasing from 1.5 to 4.5 kilograms the minimum quantity of crack cocaine that would place an offender at a base offense level of 38. See U.S.S.G. supp. to app. C, amend. 706 (effective Nov. 1, 2007) ("Section 2Dl.l(c)(l) is amended by striking '1.5 KG or more of Cocaine Base' and inserting '4.5 KG or more of Cocaine Base'."); U.S.S.G. § 2Dl.l(c)(l) (). Amendment 706, however, does not reduce a sentence of an offender responsible for distributing more than 4.5 kilograms of crack cocaine because the applicable base offense level remains at 38. See U.S.S.G. § lB1.10(a)(2)(B) ( ); Id. § lB1.10(c) (listing Amendment 706 as a covered amendment); Delileon, 353 Fed. Appx. at 469-70 (); see also Bowman, 629 F.Supp.2d at 319-20 (collecting cases). The U.S. Sentencing Commission explicitly decided to make the retroactive legislation inapplicable to offenders responsible for distributing 4.5 kilograms or more of crack cocaine. See U.S.S.G. § 2D1.1 cmt. 10(D)(ii)(I) ("The 2-level reduction... shall not apply in a case in which... the offense involved 4.5 kg or more... of cocaine base.").
Bowman's motion for reconsideration is denied because he points to no legal or factual matters that the Court overlooked in its previous decision. The Court's June 24, 2009 decision, which Bowman asks the Court to reconsider, directly focused on Amendment 706 in denying Bowman's motion for a reduced sentence under Section 3582(c)(2). See Bowman 629 F.Supp.2d at 319-20. The Court found that the sentence reductions pursuant to Amendment 706 do not apply because Bowman's conviction, which involved approximately 26.1 kilograms of crack cocaine, "exceeded 4.5 kilograms" and, therefore, did not lower his sentencing range. Id. Nevertheless, Bowman attempts to relitigate the same argument without raising any intervening change in controlling law new evidence, or clear error in the Court's prior decision. See Cordero, 574 F.Supp.2d at 379-80. To the extent that Bowman raises anything new at all, he does so erroneously. Bowman mistakenly argues that the 2007 amendments should reduce his base offense level to 36 and his total offense level to 43, resulting in "a bottom range of 360 month[s]." (Petr.'s Mot. Recons. 2.) As already discussed, because Bowman's offense involved more than 4.5 kilograms of crack cocaine, his base offense level is 38, not 36. See U.S.S.G. § 2Dl.l(c)(l) (). But, even if...
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