Brereton v. Bd. of Canvassers, 617.

• Decision Date: 27 December 1934
• Docket Number: No. 617.,617.
• Citation: 177 A. 147
• Parties: BRERETON v. BOARD OF CANVASSERS OF CITY OF WARWICK et al.
• Court: Rhode Island Supreme Court

177 A. 147

BRERETON

v. BOARD OF CANVASSERSOF CITY OF WARWICK et al.

No. 617.

Supreme Court of Rhode Island.

Dec. 27, 1934.

On Motion for Reargument Jan. 7, 1935.

On Petition for Writ of Certiorari Feb. 6, 1935.

Petition for writ of certiorari by Peirce H. Brereton to correct certain alleged errors in the records of the Board of Canvassers in the City of Warwick.

Writ of certiorari quashed and original declarations by Board of Canvassers affirmed.

Clifford A. Kingsley, Sigmund W. Fischer, Jr., and Russell H. Hawkins, all of Providence, for petitioner.

Patrick H. Quinn and Joseph W. Grimes, both of Providence, for respondents,

PER CURIAM.

This is a petition for a writ of certiorari to correct certain alleged errors in the records of the respondent Board of Canvassers in relation to the election of the mayor of said city held November 6, 1934. The writ was issued as prayed for, and all of the ballots cast in said election and the records of the official count of said ballots made by said board have been certified to this court.

Petitioner's name appeared as candidate for mayor on the official ballot in the Republican column and John A. O'Brien's name appeared on the ballot in the Democratic column and also in the Independent nomination column.

November 7 the respondents began to make their official count of the ballots cast for these candidates. At the close of the count, the board declared that Mr. Brereton had received 5,476 votes and that Mr. O'Brien had received 5,483 votes and that Mr. O'Brien had been elected mayor by a plurality of 7 votes.

November 23 Mr. Brereton filed this petition for a writ of certiorari. Petitioner alleges that during the count the respondents erroneously rejected many votes which had been cast for him and erroneously counted many invalid votes for Mr. O'Brien. After all the ballots had been delivered to this court, counsel for the parties in interest examined them. They have presented to this court for examination 554 ballots—236 by the petitioner and 318 by the respondents.

Whether the marks placed upon his ballot by a voter conform to the statutory requirements for a legal ballot is a question of law rather than of. fact. Rice v. Town Council of Westerly, 35 R. I. 117, 85 A. 553, 555; Sylvestre v. Board of Aldermen of Woonsocket, 43 R. I. 492, 111 A. 881. "The Legislature has clearly and precisely defined the manner in which the elector may designate the candidates for whom he desires to vote, and has prescribed definite and fixed rules to govern the voter in designating such candidates." Gainer v. Dunn, 20 R. I. 244, 69 A. 851, 853.

The court has carefully examined each of the ballots presented to us by counsel. We have given effect to the intention of the voter when it has been expressed in the manner required by the statute law and our previous decisions construing the statute. We find no error in the action of the board in counting or rejecting the ballots presented to us with the exception of 42 ballots marked as exhibits as follows: Ward 2, R.—6. This ballot has a cross in the circle under the Republican emblem. The ballot was defective because of the apparent erasure of a cross in the circle in the Independent column and the erasure of a cross in the circle in the Democratic column.

In the Sylvestre Case, supra, it was held that a ballot was properly rejected as bearing a distinguishing mark where the voter attempted to erase a cross which he had marked upon his ballot. If a voter makes such a mistake when marking his ballot, he may return it to the supervisor and procure a new one. Thorpe v. Fales, 33 R. I. 394, 81 A. 721. This ballot was erroneously counted for Mr. Brereton.

Ward 1, R.—2. This ballot has a cross in the circle under the Democratic emblem. It was rejected because the lower right-hand corner of the ballot was torn off. Two unim-peached affidavits prove that a supervisor accidently tore the ballot when removing it from the ballot box preparatory to counting the ballots. The ballot is valid and is counted for Mr. O'Brien.

Ward 2, P.—20. This ballot has a cross in the circle under the Democratic emblem. The voter also made a cross in the square to the right of Mr. O'Brien's name in the Democratic column and in the Independent column. The voter also canceled the name of Mr. Brereton by drawing his pencil through it in the Republican column. This cancellation invalidated the ballot under authority of the Sylvestre Case, supra, where it was held that a ballot was defective as bearing a distinguishing mark when it appeared the voter had marked in the squares and had also canceled the names of the candidates against whom he had voted. This ruling and citation also applies to exhibits ward 4, P.—3, P.—4, P.—8; ward 6, R.—1; ward 7, P.—5; and ward 9, P.—16, where it appears that the voter made a cross in the square to the right of the name of Mr. O'Brien in the Democratic column and canceled the name of Mr. Brereton in the Republican column. These 7 ballots were erroneously counted for Mr. O'Brien.

This ruling also applies to a ballot from ward 5, R.—12. The voter made a cross in the circle under the Republican emblem and a cross in the square to the right of Mr, Brereton's name. The voter also canceled the name of Mr. O'Brien by drawing a pencil through it in the Democratic column. The ballot was defective and was erroneously counted for Mr. Brereton.

Ward 3, P.—5. The voter made a cross in the circle under the Democratic emblem and a cross in the square to the right of Mr. O'Brien's name in the Democratic column and in the Independent column. He also made a cross in the blank space for mayor in the blank column. Marking the ballot in the latter column rendered it defective and it was erroneously counted for Mr. O'Brien. In Rice t. Town Council of Westerly, supra, the court said: "The statutory requirement is equally imperative that the voter shall place no mark upon his ballot by which it may be identified afterwards. If the voter places upon his ballot a mark unconnected with the voting mark, which additional mark appears to have been knowingly and intentionally placed, it will render his ballot defective, as bearing a distinguishing mark." The law was applied in that case and also in the Sylvestre Case, supra, where a ballot was held to be defective when it appeared that a voter, after making a cross in the squares to the right of the names of the candidates of his choice, made a cross opposite the word "district clerk."

Ward 7, P.—7 and R.—-6. Both of these ballots must be held to be defective for the same reasons as the preceding ballot. In P.—7 the voter made his cross in the square to the right of the name of Mr. O'Brien in the Democratic column and in the Independent column and also a cross in the square for mayor in the blank column. In R.—6 the voter made his cross in the square to the right of the name of Mr. Brereton in the Republican column and also in the square for mayor in the blank column. The respondents erroneously counted the first of these ballots for Mr. O'Brien and the second for Mr. Brereton.

Ward 3, R.—39 and ward 5, R.—15. Each ballot has a cross in a circle under the Republican emblem and a straight line within the square to the right of Mr. Brereton's name. These straight marks were not made inadvertently and under the statute and cases previously cited must be held to be distinguishing marks which render the ballots defective. The two ballots were erroneously counted for Mr. Brereton.

Ward 8, R—11 and ward 1, P.—7. The first of these ballots has a cross in the square to the right of Mr. Brereton's name. In the blank column the voter drew a design resembling a shoe. On the second ballot the voter made a cross within the circle under the Democratic emblem and also drew a design, somewhat similar to that mentioned on the preceding ballot, to the left of the word "Independent" in the last column. The statute provides that no voter shall place any mark upon his ballot by which it may be afterwards identified as the one voted by him. Section 168, Gen. Laws 1923 (chapter 11, § 45). The extra marks upon the ballots are not connected with the voting marks. They appear to have been made intentionally. Under the law and the cases cited they must be held to be distinguishing marks which render the ballots defective. The respondents erred in counting R.—11 for Mr. Brereton and P.—7 for Mr. O'Brien.

Ward 8, R.—3 has what might be termed a Y within the circle under the Republican emblem. This ballot is defective because not marked as required by the statute, which states that one line crossing another at any angle shall be deemed a valid voting mark. On the ballot before us the lines do not cross. The ballot was erroneously counted for Mr. Brereton.

Ward 9, P.—1. This ballot has a cross within the circle under the Republican emblem. The ballot was rejected because a light pencil line extends from the top to the bottom of the X on its left side. The line is lighter than the X and appears to have been inadvertently made and does not render the ballot defective. Sylvestre Case, supra. It is counted for Mr. Brereton.

Ward 3, R.—1 and ward 8, R.—2. These ballots are marked similarly to the last ballot described, excepting that the X is within the circle under the Democratic emblem. The ballots were rejected by the board. The connecting line on the left side of the X appears to have been inadvertently made and does not render the ballot defective. These ballots are counted for Mr. O'Brien.

Ward 1, P.—2. This ballot has a cross within the circle in the Independent column. From the point where the two lines cross is a separate, heavy vertical line extending downwards. This additional line was not made inadvertently and rendered the ballot defective. The ballot was erroneously counted for Mr. O'Brien.

Ward 9, P.—9. This ballot has a cross in the circle under the Democratic emblem made by two horizontal lines crossing a vertical...