Briley v. Farm Fresh, Inc., 891520

• Decision Date: 21 September 1990
• Docket Number: No. 891520,891520
• Citation: 240 Va. 194,396 S.E.2d 835
• Parties: Cheryl BRILEY v. FARM FRESH, INC. Record
• Court: Virginia Supreme Court

Page 835

396 S.E.2d 835

240 Va. 194

Cheryl BRILEY v. FARM FRESH, INC.

Record No. 891520.

Supreme Court of Virginia.

Sept. 21, 1990.

Steven M. Legum (Goldblatt, Lipkin, Cohen, Jenkins & Legum, Norfolk, on brief), for appellant.

Randy D. Singer (Palmer S. Rutherford, Jr., Willcox & Savage, Norfolk, on brief), for appellee.

Present: All the Justices.

COMPTON, Justice.

In this personal injury action brought by an employee against an employer, the sole question is whether the trial court correctly ruled that the plaintiff's exclusive remedy was under the Workers' Compensation Act (the Act), Code §§ 65.1-1 to -163.

During the early morning hours of June 14, 1986, plaintiff Cheryl Briley slipped and fell in a supermarket located in the City of Suffolk and operated by defendant Farm Fresh, Inc. Subsequently, the plaintiff brought this negligence action against defendant seeking recovery in damages for injuries allegedly suffered in the fall. The defendant filed a special plea asserting that the plaintiff's exclusive remedy was under the Act.

During a hearing on the plea, the plaintiff's testimony was the only evidence presented. Upon consideration of this evidence and argument of counsel, the trial court sustained the plea. We awarded the plaintiff this appeal from a September 1989 judgment order dismissing the action.

The facts are presented on appeal in a terse Rule 5:11(c) written statement, which leaves important factual questions unanswered. Nonetheless, this deficiency will be partly cured as we view all reasonable inferences fairly deducible from the stated facts in the light most favorable to the defendant, who prevailed below, and accord the judgment below a presumption of correctness, all in accord with settled appellate principles.

At the time of the accident, the plaintiff, who was employed permanently elsewhere, worked part time for defendant as a cake decorator in its bakery department. She had "no regular hours" of work at the supermarket "but would be called during the week to work when needed."

Defendant called her to work the "evening" before the accident. While performing her duties, plaintiff wore a special white jacket and worked behind the bakery department counter. Near 1:30 to 1:35 a.m. on the day of the accident, the plaintiff completed her work and stated to a co-worker that "she was finished with her job and was leaving." She removed her white jacket, which "was her usual manner of checking out when she finished her part time work each time." Rather than "walking out to her car and driving home," the plaintiff decided "to do some shopping for her mother, with whom she lived."

After shopping in the store for approximately 15 minutes, the plaintiff was carrying a head of lettuce in her hand. Near 1:55 a.m., plaintiff, while continuing her shopping activities, "attempted to walk through the area next to the salad bar and slipped and fell, suffering severe injuries."

According to the statement of facts, the plaintiff, at the time of the accident, was not performing any "job duty or function" for defendant and was not "on a break."

The statement of facts does not reveal whether the early morning accident occurred when defendant's supermarket was open for business or whether the plaintiff was among employees who worked in the store while it was closed in order to prepare merchandise for sale during normal business hours. In addition, the record does not indicate whether defendant's employees were entitled to receive a discount on the cost of items they purchased in the store. Also, the record is silent about the existence of any company policy established by defendant with reference to shopping in the store by employees. Finally, the record does not show the basis of plaintiff's compensation and whether her entitlement to wages ended when she removed her white jacket, when she left the premises, or at some other time.

In a letter opinion, the trial court found that the plaintiff-employee was injured "after her work of the day had ended but while still on the employer's premises, having made a relatively brief deviation from a direct departure for personal shopping." The court, in sustaining the plea, concluded that "such a minor deviation" did not prevent the accident from occurring "in the course of employment."

The crucial question in cases of this kind is whether the injury was one, in the language of the Act, "arising out of and in the course of the employment." Code § 65.1-7. If that inquiry is answered in the affirmative, the employee's exclusive remedy was under the Act. Code § 65.1-40.

On appeal, the plaintiff concedes that "if the accident occurred in the store while [she] was coming or going to her work area, that it would be covered as a workers' compensation case. The same would hold true even if the accident happened in the parking lot or a walkway outside the building while going to or coming from her work area." The plaintiff contends, however, "that the employment relationship had terminated and that at the time of the accident she was a business invitee and a shopper in the store." She argues that because she had terminated her employment, the accident did not take place "in the course of the employment." Hence, she says, she is entitled to maintain this common law action for damages against her employer. We disagree. The canopy of the workers' compensation umbrella is not so limited.

We repeatedly have said that the statutory language, "arising out of and in the course of employment," must be liberally construed to accomplish the humane and beneficent purposes of the Act. The language "arising out of" refers to the origin or cause of the injury while the language "in the course of" refers to the time, place, and circumstances under which the accident occurred. Baggett Transportation Co. v. Dillon, 219 Va. 633, 637, 248 S.E.2d 819, 822 (1978). An accident occurs during the course of the employment if it takes place within the period of employment, at a...