Brody v. Brody

• Decision Date: 29 June 1993
• Docket Number: No. 0847-92-4,0847-92-4
• Citation: Brody v. Brody, 432 S.E.2d 20, 16 Va.App. 647 (Va. App. 1993)
• Parties: Bruce A. BRODY v. Laurie G. BRODY, n/k/a Laurie G. Streeter. Record
• Court: Virginia Court of Appeals

Page 20

432 S.E.2d 20

16 Va.App. 647

Bruce A. BRODY v. Laurie G. BRODY, n/k/a Laurie G. Streeter.

Record No. 0847-92-4.

Court of Appeals of Virginia.

June 29, 1993.

Robert J. Surovell (Surovell, Jackson, Colten & Dugan, P.C., on brief), for appellant.

Lawrence E. Becker (Lieding & Becker, P.C., on brief), for appellee.

Present: BARROW, WILLIS and FITZPATRICK, JJ.

BARROW, Judge.

In this appeal from a decree denying an award of child support, we consider the sufficiency of the evidence needed to impute income to a parent who is allegedly voluntarily unemployed. We hold that (1) when a parent leaves his or her employment, the burden is upon that parent to show that the decision to do so was not voluntary, (2) the unilateral decision to stay home and care for a child is not sufficient, standing alone, to establish that unemployment is involuntary, if child care services are available, and (3) imputed income may be based on evidence from employment recently and voluntarily terminated.

The parties to this appeal are divorced and have two children. An agreement between them provided for joint legal and physical custody of the children and required the father to pay the mother $250 a month for support of the children.

The mother has remarried, and she and her new husband now have a child. Approximately one year before the support hearing, the mother terminated her job as an analyst at the Defense Intelligence Agency, where she last earned $54,000 annually. She testified that she stopped working in order to stay home with her children and to care for a child who was expected in December. The mother's new husband, an army colonel, was transferred to Germany, and the mother expressed her intention to follow him there. The father and mother agreed that the father should be granted sole custody of the children; however, they were unable to agree on child support. The trial court denied the father's petition for an award of child support because "the evidence was insufficient to establish (a) that [the mother] was voluntarily unemployed when she followed her military husband to Germany, (b) what employment was available for her skills as a military dependent in Germany, and (c) what the income level could be imputed to her while she was there."

The father contends that the mother is voluntarily unemployed and that she should be required to pay child support based on an imputation of her prior income. The mother responds that she has no current income as a result of leaving her job to care for her children, and, therefore, under the guidelines, she should not be required to pay any support. Furthermore, she contends that because of her pending move to Germany, she will be unable to find employment and should not, therefore, be required to pay child support.

The starting point for determination of each parent's child support obligation is the amount calculated using the schedule found in Code § 20-108.2(B); however, that amount is subject to adjustment based on the factors found in Code § 20-108.1. Code § 20-108.1; see also Richardson v. Richardson, 12 Va.App. 18, 21, 401 S.E.2d 894, 896 (1991). "Imputed income to a party who is voluntarily unemployed or voluntarily underemployed" is one of the factors that may rebut the presumptive amount of child support reflected on the schedule. Code § 20-108.1(B)(3).

Before imputing income to a party, the trial court must first determine the presumptive amount of child support under the guidelines. Farley v. Liskey, 12 Va.App. 1, 5, 401 S.E.2d 897, 899 (1991). If a trial court imputes income to a party, it must make written findings explaining why imputed income to the party would make it unjust or inappropriate to award the presumptive amount of child support. Richardson, 12 Va.App. at 22, 401 S.E.2d at 896.

Income may be imputed "to a party who is voluntarily unemployed or voluntarily underemployed." Code § 20-108.1(B)(3). Once evidence is produced that a parent chose to leave his or her employment without being discharged, a trial court may infer that the unemployment was voluntary. That parent must then produce evidence to explain why his or her unemployment or underemployment was not "voluntary." Antonelli v. Antonelli, 242 Va. 152, 154, 409 S.E.2d 117, 119 (1991). In this case, the father produced evidence that the mother chose to leave her job as a defense analyst. The mother then had the burden of showing that her unemployment was not "voluntary."

The mother argued that she left her employment to "stay home" with her children and her expected child, who was born later that year. This evidence, standing alone, does not rebut the presumption that the wife was "voluntarily unemployed." Income may not be imputed to a custodial parent who stays home to care for a child, if the "child is not in school, child care services are not available and the cost of such child care services are not included in the computation." Code § 20-108.1(B)(3). It follows, therefore, that income may be imputed if (1) the evidence reveals that the child or children are in school, or (2) child care services are available and the cost of such child care services may be determined.

In setting an award of child support, the ...