Brown v. Far West Federal Sav. and Loan Ass'n

• Jurisdiction: Oregon
• Parties: Charles BROWN, Appellant, v. FAR WEST FEDERAL SAVINGS AND LOAN ASSOCIATION and Michael L. Stone, Respondents. ; CA A27176.
• Citation: 66 Or.App. 387,674 P.2d 1183
• Docket Number: No. A8109-05799,A8109-05799
• Court: Oregon Court of Appeals
• Decision Date: 11 January 1984

Page 1183

674 P.2d 1183

66 Or.App. 387

Charles BROWN, Appellant, v.FAR WEST FEDERAL SAVINGS AND LOAN ASSOCIATION and Michael L Stone, Respondents.

No. A8109-05799; CA A27176.

Court of Appeals of Oregon.

Argued and Submitted Sept. 30, 1983.

Decided Jan. 11, 1984.

David Shapiro, Portland, argued the cause for appellant.With him on the briefs was Colombo & Scanlon, P.C., Portland.

Carrell F. Bradley, Hillsboro, argued the cause and filed the brief for respondents.

Before RICHARDSON, P.J., and VAN HOOMISSEN and NEWMAN, JJ.

RICHARDSON, Presiding Judge.

Plaintiff seeks damages for injuries sustained when he was arrested in defendants' bank and advances three theories; battery, false imprisonment and negligence.He appeals a directed verdict entered in defendants' favor.We summarize the underlying facts in the light most favorable to plaintiff.SeeJames v. Carnation Co., 278 Or. 65, 67, 562 P.2d 1192(1977).

Plaintiff had been a customer of the defendant savings and loan company for over thirty years.In late December, 1980, plaintiff, who was 80 years old, entered the main branch of defendant company for the purpose of withdrawing money from his savings account to purchase a certificate of deposit with a higher rate of interest.He completed a withdrawal form obtained from a supply of the forms located on a table in the bank lobby.He then went to the first available teller window, where he handed the withdrawal form to the teller.He was carrying a brown paper bag that he subsequently placed on the counter.Plaintiff did not look at the reverse side of the slip before handing the form to the teller.Plaintiff's personal account code was entered in the bank's computer, and an "all clear" signal was noted on the computer.When the teller turned the withdrawal form over, she found a note which read:

"This is a holdup.Please do not cause any comotion [sic] or I will kill you.Deposit all your money to me.I have a gun with me and a bomb.Thank you."

The teller informed her supervisor, Bishop, of the note.Bishop, in turn, informed the branch manager, defendant Stone.Stone telephoned police and informed them of the contents of the note and provided a physical description of plaintiff.In the meantime, the teller returned to her teller window and gave plaintiff a bank check in the amount of the requested withdrawal.Plaintiff took the check and sat down on a bench next to the "new accounts" desk, where police arrested him a few minutes later.During the arrest, police pushed plaintiff down on the bench to handcuff him and broke his glasses.Inside plaintiff's brown paper sack, police found a can of pop.

Plaintiff subsequently filed this lawsuit.At the close of plaintiff's case-in-chief, the trial court concluded that plaintiff had presented no evidence establishing that any employe of defendant bank instigated or participated in a battery of plaintiff or intended a touching of plaintiff's person and directed a verdict in defendants' favor on the battery claim.The court also directed a verdict on the negligence claim, relying on Aiken v. Shell Oil Co. et al. and Huey, 219 Or. 523, 348 P.2d 51(1959).¹

The principal basis for plaintiff's battery claim is that the investigating police officers who physically touched him did so solely on the basis of the telephone call from defendant Stone.In essence, plaintiff asserts that Stone either intended or was reasonably certain that his telephone call would incite the police officers to restrain plaintiff physically.

To constitute battery, an act must be volitional, and the actor must have intended the resulting harmful or offensive contact.Bakker v. Baza'r, Inc., 275 Or. 245, 249, 551 P.2d 1269(1976).The force applied may be indirect and through an intervening agent, so long as it was an intentional act caused by the defendant.Denton v. Arnstein, 197 Or. 28, 45, 250 P.2d 407(1952).Nothing in the record here establishes either that defendant Stone intended that police physically touch plaintiff or that Stone's telephone call caused the investigating officers to touch plaintiff.

Defendant Stone testified that when he telephoned police, he read the contents of the "holdup note" to the dispatcher and described plaintiff.He stayed on the telephone describing plaintiff's movements in the bank until police arrived to investigate.Stone testified that he asked only that police investigate the situation.

Nothing in the record suggests that the investigating officers were subject to the control of either Stone or the bank.In Delp v. Zapp's Stores, 238 Or. 538, 547, 395 P.2d 137(1964), the Supreme Court held that when a private citizen merely lays the facts before a police officer and the officer, relying on his judgment and discretion, makes an arrest, the citizen is not liable for any resulting harm to the arrestee.Stone laid before the police dispatcher the facts he had at hand regarding an apparent bank robbery in progress.The officers who responded acted within their judgment and discretion in investigating the situation.Defendants, therefore, are not liable for the damage to plaintiff resulting from the application of force by police officers who were neither under their control nor agents of the bank.²

As an alternative theory, plaintiff argues that he introduced evidence that an employe of Far West encouraged police to commit a battery on plaintiff, citing Paur v. Rose City Dodge, 249 Or. 385, 438 P.2d 994(1968), where the sales manager of an automobile dealership had directed a subordinate employe to "throw [the plaintiff] out."Plaintiff argues that under the rule of Paur some evidence that a bank employe encouraged police to touch him was adduced at trial and consequently, that plaintiff's battery claim should have been submitted to the jury.We disagree.

The evidence of encouragement of battery on which plaintiff relies is his testimony that, after police had handcuffed him, a man who plaintiff believed was a Far West security officer said to the police officers, "Why don't you take him in?Do you know him?"Assuming that plaintiff is correct in his conclusion that those statements constitute encouragement to the police, there are two reasons why this "encouragement" cannot support a battery claim.First, in Paur, the person who was directed to commit the battery was clearly subject to the control of the sales manager of the car dealership who issued the directive; here, by contrast, the investigating police officers were not subject to the control of either defendant.As in Delp v. Zapp's Stores, supra, their investigative actions resulted from their reliance on their personal judgment and discretion, as well as their training and experience.

Second, plaintiff testified that these remarks were made after police had handcuffed him and read him his constitutional rights.The act on which plaintiff predicates his battery claim resulted solely from the telephone call defendant Stone made to the police.The acts of the police officers, which plaintiff alleges constitute the battery, were complete when the alleged employe's statements were made.Consequently, even if plaintiff were correct in his contention that those remarks constitute "encouragement," the alleged statements were irrelevant to plaintiff's battery...