Budget Corp. of America v. De Felice

• Decision Date: 10 October 1957
• Docket Number: No. A--493,A--493
• Citation: 46 N.J.Super. 489,135 A.2d 31
• Parties: BUDGET CORPORATION OF AMERICA, a corporation of New Jersey, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. H. E. DE FELICE et al., Defendants-Respondents, The NATIONAL FIRE SAFETY COUNSELLORS, Third Party Defendant.
• Court: New Jersey Superior Court — Appellate Division

Page 489

46 N.J.Super. 489

135 A.2d 31

BUDGET CORPORATION OF AMERICA, a corporation of New Jersey Plaintiff-Appellant, v. H. E. DE FELICE et al., Defendants-Respondents The NATIONAL FIRE SAFETY COUNSELLORS, Third Party Defendant.

No. A--493.

Superior Court of New Jersey, Appellate Division Argued Sept. 30, 1957.

Decided Oct. 10, 1957.

Gerald W. Kolba, Newark, for plaintiff-appellant.

Milford Salny, Netcong, for defendants-respondents (Alan D. Rubenstein, Fairlawn, on the brief).

Before Judges CLAPP, JAYNE and HUGHES.

CLAPP, S.J.A.D.

This is an action on a promissory note, brought by the holder of the note against Harry E. DeFelice and Lucia DeFelice, his wife, the makers. The factual circumstances of the case are similar, in certain respects, to those presented in Budget Corporation of American v. Hibbert, 44 N.J.Super. 237, 130 A.2d 61 (App.Div.1957). There, as here, the National Fire Safety Counsellors sold a fire detection system to certain persons, representing that the sale was but part of an advertising scheme under which the purchasers were to furnish the names of prospective customers and were to receive in return $10 per name. In the instant case the trial court found that the purchasers, the DeFelices, were told by National's agent that the fire detection system was to cost them nothing. Furthermore, the court found that National procured from the DeFelices, by fraud and without their knowledge, the above-mentioned note signed by them, payable to National at plaintiff's office (the plaintiff's name and address are printed on the note). Thereafter National endorsed the note in blank without recourse and delivered it to the plaintiff. The court also found that at the time of the delivery of the instrument to the plaintiff it was incomplete and irregular on its face, and that it was thereafter completed by the plaintiff without the knowledge or authority of the DeFelices. We think any further statement of the facts of the case to be unnecessary for the purposes of this opinion. Judgment was entered against the plaintiff, and it appeals.

Plaintiff in its first point attacks the trial court's findings, but we see no basis for disturbing them. It attacks, among other things, the finding that the note was incomplete at the time of its delivery to the plaintiff. When this case first came before us we remanded it to secure, Inter alia, a specific finding showing in what particulars the note was incomplete at that time. The findings thereafter returned by the trial court merely disclose that it was incomplete In several respects, and we take it therefore that the proofs do not warrant a more specific finding. The burden of proof on this matter is upon the plaintiff. An examination of the statute makes this apparent. The fraud perpetrated by National rendered plaintiff's title to the note 'defective,' N.J.S.A. 7:2--55, and as a result there was cast upon the plaintiff the burden of proving that it is a holder in due course. N.J.S.A. 7:2--59; VanSyckel v. Egg Harbor Coal & Lumber Co., 109 N.J.L. 604, 607, 608, 162 A. 627, 85 A.L.R. 300 (E. & A.1932); De Jonge & Co. v. Woodport Hotel & Land Co., 77 N.J.L. 233, 72 A. 439 (Sup.Ct.1909); Irvington Trust Co. v. Maurer, 108 N.J.L. 404, 156 A. 428 (E. & A.1931). To make out that it is a holder in due course, plaintiff has to establish that at the time of the delivery of the instrument to it, the instrument was complete, or at least complete in all material respects. N.J.S.A. 7:2--52; Britton, Bills and Notes § 113 (1943). In this case it sufficiently appears that plaintiff has not maintained the burden of proof on this issue, namely, whether the instrument was complete at that time. We of course, would not be justified in sending a case back for a new trial merely in order to give an appellant an opportunity to put in further proof as to an issue on which it has the burden of proof.

Plaintiff, in its second point, accepts this finding that the instrument was incomplete at the time stated, but claims that it had authority under N.J.S.A. 7:2--14 to fill in the blanks. See First Nat. Bank of Springfield, v. Di Taranto, 9 N.J.Super. 246, 75 A.2d 907 (App.Div.1950), holding that under the circumstances there, the makers of the note were estopped to deny that they had given such an authority to the endorsee of it; cf. Cinema Circuit Corp. v. Merrill Amusement Corp., 121 N.J.L. 216, 2 A.2d 43 (Sup.Ct.1938); cf. further, Britton, supra, 336--337, and cases cited in notes 2--4 therein; see, too, Britton at 346 as to the operation of the doctrine of estoppel in connection with the Negotiable Instruments Law

But in Di Taranto the note was delivered by the makers to the payee, whereas here there was no delivery of the note by the makers, there having been a fraud in the Factum, and the note having been procured without their knowledge. These circumstances bring the case within N.J.S.A. 7:2--15:

'Where an incomplete instrument has not been delivered it will not, if completed and negotiated, without authority, be a valid contract in the hands of any holder as against any person whose signature was placed thereon before delivery.'

The operation of this section is not impaired by that provision in N.J.S.A. 7:2--16 which raises a conclusive presumption of delivery where an instrument is in the hands of a holder in due course; for it must be concluded that the provision referred to was meant to be applicable solely to completed instruments. Massachusetts Nat. Bank v. Snow, 187 Mass. 159, 72 N.E. 959, 961 (Sup.Jud.Ct.1905); Linick v. A. J. Nutting & Co., 140 App.Div. 265, 125 N.Y.S. 93, 98 (App.Div.1910); Holzman Cohen & Co. v. Teague, 172 App.Div. 75, ...