Bull v. Kistner

• Decision Date: 08 June 1965
• Docket Number: No. 51627,51627
• Citation: 135 N.W.2d 545,257 Iowa 968
• Parties: Harold V. BULL, Trustee of Northern Biochemical Corporation, a Bankrupt, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. Harold E. KISTNER, Jr., Defendant-Appellee, Harold E. Kistner, Sr., James Kistner, Peter Robinet Bio-Zyme, a co-partnership, and Bio-Zyme. Incorporated, an Iowa corporation, Defendant.
• Court: Iowa Supreme Court

Page 545

135 N.W.2d 545

257 Iowa 968

Harold V. BULL, Trustee of Northern Biochemical Corporation, a Bankrupt, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. Harold E. KISTNER, Jr., Defendant-Appellee, Harold E. Kistner, Sr., James Kistner, Peter Robinet Bio-Zyme, a co-partnership, and Bio-Zyme. Incorporated, an Iowa corporation, Defendant.

No. 51627.

Supreme Court of Iowa.

June 8, 1965.

T. M. Whicher, of Whicher & Yaneff, Sioux City, for plaintiff-appellant.

L. L. Corcoran, Sibley, for defendant-appellee.

THORNTON, Justice.

This is a case of first impression. Plaintiff appeals from an order sustaining a special appearance of, and quashing service of notice on, defendant Harold E. Kistner, Jr.

Plaintiff is a trustee in bankruptcy. He brings this action against the above named defendant and others as stockholders, officers and directors of the bankrupt corporation asking a full and complete accounting of their profits and judgment therefor.

At the time of service, defendant, Harold E. Kistner, Jr., was an inmate of the Federal Correctional Institution at Sandstone, Minnesota. Plaintiff obtained service on said defendant pursuant to rule 56(a), Rules of Civil Procedure, 58 I.C.A., by leaving a copy with his wife in Sheldon, Iowa. Rule 56, in pertinent part, provides:

* * * Personal service may be made as follows:

'(a) Upon any individual * * *; or by serving, at his dwelling house or usual place of abode, * * *.'

This rule supersedes our former statute, section 11060, par. 2, Code of Iowa, 1939, '* * * usual place of residence * * *.' See Ruth & Clark v. Emery, 233 Iowa 1234, 11 N.W.2d 397.

The return of the deputy sheriff states:

'* * * I served the same on the defendant H. E. Kistner, Jr., at his dwelling house or usual place of abode in the city of Sheldon in O'Brien County, State of Iowa, and which place was not a rooming house, hotel, club or apartment building, by there delivering a copy thereof to Mrs. Harold E. Kistner, Jr., a person residing therein who is at least eighteen years old.'

Defendant's special appearance states said defendant, 'is presently an inmate of an institution in charge of the United States of America, and outside the State of Iowa,' that notice was attempted as stated in the return, the service is void because so served and for the reason that it does not comply with the Rules of Civil Procedure. In an amendment thereto counsel for defendant attaches his affidavit wherein he states defendant Harold E. Kistner, Jr., 'was at the time of the commencement of said action, is now, and has been continuously since prior to the time of the commencement of this action, an inmate of the Federal Correctional Institution at Sandstone, Minnesota, which is an institution which has been, and is, in charge of the United States of America.'

I. Defendant in his printed argument concedes that prior to his confinement at Sandstone he had resided with his wife and family at Sheldon, Iowa.

The parties agree the question to be determined is what constituted the 'dwelling house or usual place of abode' of defendant Harold E. Kistner, Jr., at the time of service. Was it his home in Sheldon? Was it the Federal Correctional Institution at Sandstone?

As presented, the question is one of law. Does the bare fact of defendant's incarceration at Sandstone by the Federal Government, without further showing, change his usual place of abode and does the correctional institution become his usual place of abode? We think not.

In Bohland v. Smith, 7 F.R.D. 364, 365 (1947), the Federal District Court in upholding a similar return of service under Federal Rule 4(d)(1), 'by leaving copies thereof at his dwelling house or usual place of abode,' said:

'The sole question involved is whether it can be said that his absence from his home, brought about by his incarceration, brings about a change in the usual place of abode of defendant. I am of the opinion that where one voluntarily establishes a place of abode or residence but is prevented from occupying it, by act of his sovereign or otherwise, his place of abode is not changed.'

In 1836 the Supreme Court of Connecticut in Grant v. Dalliber, 11 Conn. 234, in dealing with a statute providing writs of attachment must be served 'by leaving with the person * * * or at his usual place of abode,' held service at the dwelling house where defendant prisoner's wife and family lived and he had lived before his imprisonment was proper, the court, at page 238 of 11 Conn. said:

'Before his imprisonment his usual place of abode was in Torrington, in the same dwelling-house where the copy of the writ was left in service, where his family dwelt, and to which, as to his home, he returned, upon his enlargement from prison. He had never abandoned this, as his place of residence; he had left it, by constraint; he had acquired no new or other place of residence. The state's prison was not the place of his abode; it was the place of his punishment; and while there, he was absent from home.

'We think it may be said generally, that the place in which a married man's family resides, with his consent, and where he has voluntarily resided with them, as his home, and which he has never abandoned, may well be considered as the place of his abode, unless such residence has been, and was intended to be, temporary and for transient purposes. And such place of residence or usual abode, is not changed or abandoned, by a constrained removal, as by imprisonment.'

In 1868 the Connecticut court in Dunn's Appeal, 35 Conn. 82, held service on a prisoner was proper by leaving a copy with him at the jail. The statute required the summons to be served by copy left at the usual place of abode. The prisoner's former home had been sold by his trustee in insolvency. The court said:

'We think therefore, that the service was, under the circumstances, properly made by leaving a copy with him at the jail. True, this was the place of his imprisonment, and can, therefore, hardly be said to be his home.'

In 1897 the Nebraska court in Walker v. Stevens, 52 Neb. 653, 72 N.W. 1038, held service on a prisoner by leaving a copy at the home he had occupied prior to his imprisonment was proper under a statute providing for such service at his usual place of residence.

It is the general rule a person's domicile or residence is not changed by his imprisonment. Cohen v. United States, 9 Cir., 297 F.2d 760, 774 (1962); Shaffer v. Tepper, D.C., 127 F.Supp. 892, 894 (1955); 17A Am.Jur., Domicil, § 48, p. 233; and 28 C.J.S. Domicile § 12g(7), p. 29.

II. We agree with defendant 'usual place of abode' is a more restrictive term than residence or domicile, but we do not agree it is so restrictive as to exclude entirely a consideration of volition.

Courts are not in agreement. 42 Am.Jur., Pr...