Busch v. Atkinson, 95-456

• Decision Date: 24 October 1996
• Docket Number: No. 95-456,95-456
• Citation: 278 Mont. 478,925 P.2d 874
• Parties: Monica A. BUSCH, Plaintiff and Appellant, v. Brian ATKINSON (Michael Atkinson, Jr.), Michael Atkinson, and Rita Atkinson, Defendants and Respondents.
• Court: Montana Supreme Court

Page 874

925 P.2d 874

278 Mont. 478

Monica A. BUSCH, Plaintiff and Appellant, v. Brian ATKINSON (Michael Atkinson, Jr.), Michael Atkinson, and Rita Atkinson, Defendants and Respondents.

No. 95-456.

Supreme Court of Montana.

Submitted on Briefs April 11, 1996.

Decided Oct. 24, 1996.

Randy S. Laedeke, Laedeke Law Office, Billings, for Plaintiff and Appellant.

Michael P. Heringer, Matthew H. Thomas, Brown, Gerbase, Cebull, Fulton, Harman & Ross, Billings, for Defendants and Respondents.

NELSON, Justice.

Plaintiff Monica Busch brought this action in the District Court for the Thirteenth Judicial District, Yellowstone County, to recover damages allegedly sustained in an automobile accident involving Defendant Michael Atkinson, Jr. Defendants filed a motion to dismiss based on Plaintiff's failure to have a summons issued within one year of filing the complaint, pursuant to Rule 41(e), M.R.Civ.P. The District Court granted Defendants' motion and ordered the dismissal of this action. We reverse.

We address the following issue on appeal:

Did the District Court err in dismissing Plaintiff's personal injury action because a summons was not issued within one year of the commencement of the action?

Factual and Procedural Background

Plaintiff Monica Busch was injured on February 2, 1989, when Defendant Michael Atkinson, Jr., the minor son of Defendants Michael and Rita Atkinson, rear-ended Plaintiff's vehicle while Plaintiff was stopped at a stop sign. Defendants' insurance company accepted liability and paid for conservative treatment of Plaintiff's cervical strain until it decided Plaintiff's healing period should have ended. Plaintiff stopped treatment for a time but when she decided to resume treatment, Defendants' insurance company refused to reimburse Plaintiff for further treatment.

Plaintiff's counsel sent a letter to Defendants' insurance adjuster requesting that the insurance company resume advancing payment for Plaintiff's medical bills. In a letter dated April 5, 1990, the insurance adjuster stated that his company had already paid $2,900 for various examinations and treatments for Plaintiff and was not interested in advancing any more money for Plaintiff's medical bills. The letter concluded with the statement "[w]hen your client is ready to talk final settlement of this case, we will be open for discussion." Thereafter, Plaintiff continued with conservative treatment and submitted her medical bills to her husband's health insurance carrier.

Plaintiff's counsel filed the complaint commencing this action on January 31, 1992, to prevent the statute of limitations from running. On August 12, 1992, the District Court issued an order requiring Plaintiff to file a status report with the court or to face dismissal of the case. That same month, Plaintiff's counsel experienced problems with the computer in his office resulting in the loss of all data on the hard drive for the months of June, July and August 1992. Despite these computer problems, counsel filed a Status Report and Objection to Dismissal on September 16, 1992, claiming that he was in continuing negotiations with Defendants' insurance company and stating that the summons and complaint had not been served so that he could continue to deal directly with the insurance company.

In March 1993, Plaintiff's counsel discovered that no summonses had ever been issued in this action. Counsel prepared a summons and took it to the Clerk of Court's Office and attempted to have it issued. The court personnel advised counsel that they could not issue the summons because the one-year period provided by Rule 41(e), M.R.Civ.P., had expired. Counsel filed a motion with the court on March 9, 1993, for leave to issue a summons beyond the one-year time period provided by Rule 41(e), M.R.Civ.P., on the basis of excusable neglect. He claimed that he mistakenly believed that he had prepared a summons and had it issued soon after he filed the status report with the District Court in September 1992, and that he had not discovered the error sooner because his office calendaring system had been completely wiped out by a computer virus in January 1993.

On May 25, 1993, the District Court denied the motion for leave to issue a summons and ordered the action dismissed based upon the court's finding that the Rules of Civil Procedure require dismissal if no summons has been issued within one year of filing the complaint regardless of the reason for it not being issued. Plaintiff filed a motion for reconsideration on May 28, 1993, under the theory that a summons could be issued on an amended complaint. On July 12, 1993, the District Court granted Plaintiff's motion for reconsideration, vacating the May 25, 1993 order dismissing this action and granting Plaintiff's motion for leave to file an amended complaint and have summons issued on the amended complaint. However, Plaintiff failed to file the amended complaint or have summons issued.

On January 19, 1995, more than 18 months after the District Court granted Plaintiff leave to file, the court sent Plaintiff's counsel a notice advising that Plaintiff's case would be dismissed for failure to prosecute unless good cause was shown why no action had been taken by Plaintiff following the court's issuance of its July 12, 1993 order. In response, Plaintiff filed an amended complaint and three summonses were issued and served on January 26, 1995. However, the day after these summonses were issued, Plaintiff filed a second amended complaint, without leave of the court, to correct the name of one of the Defendants. The second amended complaint and three new summonses were served on the Defendants and an Affidavit of Service of Process was returned and filed with the Clerk of Court on January 31, 1995, the day the three-year time limit for serving and filing return of service as set forth in Rule 41(e), M.R.Civ.P., was to expire.

On February 15, 1995, Defendants' counsel filed a motion to dismiss under Rule 12(b), M.R.Civ.P., on the basis of insufficiency of process, insufficiency of service of process, and failure to state a claim upon which relief may be granted. The District Court granted Defendants' motion on June 28, 1995, and ordered the dismissal of this action. On July 13, 1995, Plaintiff filed a Motion for Reconsideration but failed to file a supporting brief. The District Court denied Plaintiff's Motion for Reconsideration on August 1, 1995, and entered judgment in favor of Defendants, ordering the dismissal of Plaintiff's complaint. Plaintiff appeals.

Discussion

Did the District Court err in dismissing Plaintiff's personal injury action because a summons was not issued within one year of the commencement of the action?

The District Court dismissed Plaintiff's personal injury action because it determined that Plaintiff's failure to issue a summons within one-year of the commencement of the action as mandated by Rule 41(e), M.R.Civ.P., entitled Defendants to dismissal. The court also determined that, even though Plaintiff was allowed to file an amended complaint, the one-year period to issue a summons prescribed in Rule 41(e), M.R.Civ.P., runs from the commencement of the action and does not begin running anew with the filing of the amended complaint.

Our review of a district court's conclusions of law is plenary. We simply determine whether the court's interpretation of the law is correct. First Call v. Capital Answering Serv., Inc. (1995), 271 Mont. 425, 426, 898 P.2d 96, 96 (citing Steer, Inc. v. Department of Revenue (1990), 245 Mont. 470, 474-75, 803 P.2d 601, 603).

This Court has previously stated that Rule 41(e), M.R.Civ.P., requires dismissal of an action where summons is not issued within one year of the commencement of the action, unless an appearance is made by the defendant within three years of the commencement of the action. Sinclair v. Big Bud Mfg. Co. (1993), 262 Mont. 363, 367, 865 P.2d 264, 266-67; Association of Unit Owners v. Big Sky (1986), 224 Mont. 142, 148, 729 P.2d 469, 472. Rule 41(e), M.R.Civ.P., provides, in pertinent part:

all actions heretofore or hereafter commenced shall be dismissed by the court in which the same shall have been commenced, on its own motion, or on the motion of any party interested therein, whether named in the complaint as a party or not, unless summons shall have been issued within 1 year, or unless summons issued within one year shall have been served and filed with the clerk of the court within 3 years after the commencement of said action, or unless appearance has been made by the defendant or defendants therein within said 3 years. [Emphasis added.]

Plaintiff argues that a district court has the authority to extend the time for a plaintiff to have a summons issued where the failure to act was the result of excusable neglect pursuant to Rule 6(b), M.R.Civ.P., or for good cause pursuant to the rule established in Livingston v. Treasure County (1989), 239 Mont. 511, 781 P.2d 1129 (overruled by Haugen v. Blaine Bank, --- Mont. ----, --- P.2d ---- (Mont. No. 95-554, decided October 24, 1996). Plaintiff further argues that under Rule 4C(1), M.R.Civ.P., it was the duty of the Clerk of Court to issue the summons when the complaint was filed and that the burden of issuing the summons was wrongfully placed upon the Plaintiff.

We find it unnecessary to address all three of Plaintiff's arguments as her argument regarding Rule 4C(1), M.R.Civ.P., is dispositive of this case. Rule 4C(1), M.R.Civ.P., provides in pertinent part:

Upon the filing of the complaint, the clerk shall forthwith issue a summons, and shall deliver the summons either to the sheriff of the county in which the action is filed, or to the person who is to serve it, or upon request, to the attorney for said party who shall thereafter be responsible to see that the summons is served in the manner prescribed by these rules. Upon request, separate or additional summons shall issue against any parties...