Calhoon v. Pittsburgh Coal Company

• Decision Date: 27 October 1937
• Docket Number: 47-1937,46-1937
• Citation: 128 Pa.Super. 582,194 A. 768
• Parties: Calhoon et al. v. Pittsburgh Coal Company et al. (Alexander, Appellant)
• Court: Pennsylvania Superior Court

194 A. 768

128 Pa.Super. 582

Calhoon et al. v. Pittsburgh Coal Company et al. (Alexander, Appellant)

Nos. 46-1937, 47-1937

Superior Court of Pennsylvania

October 27, 1937

Argued April 23, 1937

Appeals from judgments of C. P. Beaver Co., Sept. T., 1935 No. 19, in case of Mrs. Bessie M. Calhoon et al. v Pittsburgh Coal Company et al.

Trespass for personal injuries. Before Wilson, J.

The facts are stated in the opinion of the Superior Court.

Verdicts for wife plaintiff in sum of $ 300 and for husband plaintiff in sum of $ 214, and judgments thereon. Defendant appealed.

Error assigned, among others, was refusal of judgment n. o. v.

Judgments reversed.

Frank E. Reed, of Bradshaw, McCreary, Stevenson & Reed, for appellant.

J. Leonard Solomon, with him Effie M. Solomon and Swaney & Lucas, for appellees.

Before Keller, P. J., Cunningham, Baldrige, Stadtfeld, Parker, James and Rhodes, JJ.

OPINION

James, J.

Bessie M. Calhoon and her husband, Thomas F. Calhoon, brought an action for trespass against the Pittsburgh Coal Company, William Semple Ferry Company and E. P. Alexander, for personal injuries suffered by the wife, caused by her slipping on ice on the roadway leading to the ferry landing at Georgetown on the Ohio River, in Beaver County, Pa. At the trial, it appeared that the Pittsburgh Coal Company was the owner of the land and E. P. Alexander was operating the ferry between the Borough of Georgetown and Smith's Ferry, under an agreement with the William Semple Ferry Company. Points for binding instructions, submitted by all defendants, were refused and the case was submitted to the jury, which found for each plaintiff against all of the defendants. Motions for judgment n. o. v. by the defendants were granted as to the Pittsburgh Coal Company and William Semple Ferry Company, but refused as to E. P. Alexander, and judgments were entered on the verdicts against him. From these judgments, he has appealed.

On January 28, 1935, Bessie M. Calhoon, accompanied by her son, Norman, fourteen years of age, left her home in the Borough of Georgetown, at about 6 P. M., to attend a concert at the Midland High School. The evening was clear and cold, and snow and ice were upon the sidewalks and highways. The Borough of Georgetown is situated on a hill overlooking the Ohio River. To reach Midland, it was necessary for plaintiff to board the ferry operated from Georgetown, on the east bank of the Ohio River, to Smith's Ferry, on the west bank. Plaintiff walked about three blocks to the top of the hill leading to the ferry, when she left the highway, took a shortcut and walked down steps provided by the ferry company. At the bottom of the steps, she again entered upon the highway, which was a continuance of the one which she had left at the top of the steps. This highway leads to the platform of the ferry at the water's edge. From the foot of the steps, the land slopes to the water's edge, a distance of seventy-five feet. Approximately fifteen or twenty feet from the edge of the apron of the ferry, plaintiff, who was being assisted by her son, slipped and fell on the icy roadway, sustaining the injuries for which suit was brought. At this point, the roadway is built with cobblestones. This highway is on Pennsylvania Legislative Route 278 and Traffic Route 168, as fixed by the Secretary of Highways, and is the only one crossing the Ohio River within five miles of Smith's Ferry and Georgetown.

Appellant's main contentions are: First, that it was not liable for the icy condition of a state highway; and, second, the plaintiff was guilty of contributory negligence.

Counsel for appellees earnestly argues that the testimony is conflicting as to whether the accident took place on the public highway or a private right of way. As we view this record, the accident occurred on the public highway; the case was submitted to the jury on that theory, and was so considered by the court below in disposing of the motions for judgment n. o. v.

In her examination in chief, Mrs. Calhoon testified: "A. Well, I was going down to the ferry to cross the river with my son on my way to Midland to this festival, and I was midway, I suppose, to the ferry place where you board the ferry when I slipped on the ice and fell." On cross-examination: "Q. And you say when you got about midway from the bottom of the steps to the apron of the ferry that you then slipped and fell? A. I did." When asked to point out in an exhibit, she was unable to positively fix where she fell, and testified: "Q. In any event, Mrs. Calhoon, it happened along the roadway, didn't it? A. It happened on that way, yes, down from the steps." Concluding the cross-examination on this point, the record is as follows: "The Court: I think the witness is about right, she could not definitely say; she said it was in the roadway. Mr. Bradshaw: If that is the testimony we will let it go at that. That is the way we understood it, but we wanted to make it clear. The Court: I have it here, 'on the roadway down to the ferry.'"

Norman Calhoon testified: "A. . . . .got down to the ferry steps and I held to her arm going down them to steady her and trying to keep her from slipping, and we got down the steps all right and got down to what we call the landing at the river there and when we got about midway she slipped and fell. . . . Q. And now as you came down these steps that night did you walk straight or turn to the left just a little? A. As we came down the steps we came right down along the left side of the road. Q. You sort of followed the contour of the road, didn't you? A. Yes." This witness indicated upon a photograph, by an X mark, the point where his mother fell, which from our examination was within the traveled roadway. Conceding to appellees every favorable inference which can fairly be deduced from the language, "along the roadway" and "along the left side of the road," it would be an unwarranted inference to find, as thus described, that the accident occurred upon a private right of way.

The court below, in dismissing appellant's motion, based its decision chiefly on the ground that the so-called highway, used by appellant, at the water's edge as a landing, was in fact private property. He said in part: "But the road in question was not a public highway except in a modified sense. It was the private property of the ferry, dedicated to public use only as a means of entering and leaving the ferry, and, at the place of the accident, had, of necessity, to be used by both pedestrians and vehicles. The ferry across the Ohio River from Smiths Ferry to Georgetown is, and has been for the past century, a public ferry, carrying passengers for hire, and enjoying the franchise and privileges of such an undertaking. Its property, which includes the lands occupied by the approaches to the ferry boats from the public highways, is private property, over and on which only patrons and passengers of the ferry had a right of passage. These approaches to the ferry were never made public roads or highways by view, purchase, condemnation, or any other process, but were always, and are yet, under the exclusive ownership and control of the ferry, subject only to the rights and uses of passengers and patrons of the ferry. These are matters within the knowledge of the court, known of all men for many years, and of which the court takes judicial notice."

The fallacy in the statement of the learned judge of the court below, above quoted, is in judicially noticing some facts without regard to the evidence in the case. Mr. Calhoon, on cross-examination, testified he remembered that the roadway and the ferry had been in use since his boyhood days -- a period of about fifty years. He also testified he had used the road and ferry going to and from his daily work for the past seventeen years, during which time the roadway was in constant public use. The roadway was in existence as a public highway at least as early as 1911, for it was in that year the state legislature designated the route, of which this roadway and ferry line are a part, as a state highway. The roadway was probably used by the public for many years before that, as the court below stated that the ferry line had been in constant operation for the past century. This constant use of the roadway by the public, continuing for well over twenty-one years with the apparent consent of the...