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Cambridge Univ. Press v. Becker

Document Cited authorities 40 Cited in 18 Precedent Map Related
Decision Date11 May 2012
Docket NumberCivil Action No. 1:08–CV–1425–ODE.
Citation863 F.Supp.2d 1190
PartiesCAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS; Oxford University Press, Inc.; Sage Publications, Inc., Plaintiffs, v. Mark P. BECKER, in his official capacity as President of Georgia State University; Risa Palm, in her official capacity as Senior Vice President for Academic Affairs and Provost of Georgia State University; J.L. Albert, in his official capacity as Georgia State University Associate Provost for Information Systems and Technology; Nancy Seamans, in her official capacity as Dean of Libraries at Georgia State University; Robert F. Hatcher, in his official capacity as Vice Chair of the Board of Regents of the University System of Georgia; Kenneth R. Bernard, Jr., Larry R. Ellis, W. Mansfield Jennings, Jr., James R. Jolly, Donald M. Leebern, Jr., William Nesmith, Jr., Doreen Stiles Poitevint, Willis J. Potts, Jr., Wanda Yancey Rodwell, Kessel Stelling, Jr., Benjamin J. Tarbutton, III, Richard L. Tucker, Larry Walker, Rutledge A. Griffin, Jr., C. Thomas Hopkins, Jr., Neil L. Pruitt, Jr., and Philip A. Wilheit, Sr., in their official capacities as members of the Board of Regents of the University System of Georgia, Defendants.
CourtU.S. District Court — Northern District of Georgia

863 F.Supp.2d 1190

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS; Oxford University Press, Inc.; Sage Publications, Inc., Plaintiffs,

v.Mark P. BECKER, in his official capacity as President of Georgia State University; Risa Palm, in her official capacity as SeniorVice President for Academic Affairs and Provost of Georgia State University; J.L. Albert, in his official capacity as Georgia State University Associate Provost for Information Systems and Technology; Nancy Seamans, in her official capacity as Dean of Libraries at Georgia State University; Robert F. Hatcher, in his official capacity as Vice Chair of the Board of Regents of the University System of Georgia; Kenneth R. Bernard, Jr., Larry R. Ellis, W. Mansfield Jennings, Jr., James R. Jolly, Donald M. Leebern, Jr., William Nesmith, Jr., Doreen Stiles Poitevint, Willis J. Potts, Jr., Wanda Yancey Rodwell, Kessel Stelling, Jr., Benjamin J. Tarbutton, III, Richard L. Tucker, Larry Walker, Rutledge A. Griffin, Jr., C. Thomas Hopkins, Jr., Neil L. Pruitt, Jr., and Philip A. Wilheit, Sr., in their official capacities as members of the Board of Regents of the University System of Georgia, Defendants.

Civil Action No. 1:08–CV–1425–ODE.

United States District Court,

N.D. Georgia,

Atlanta Division.

May 11, 2012.

OPINION TEXT STARTS HERE

Edward Bryan Krugman, John H. Rains, IV, Bondurant Mixson & Elmore, LLP, Anthony B. Askew, Stephen M. Schaetzel, McKeon Meunier Carlin & Curfman, LLC, Kristen A. Swift, Courtney Suzanne Werner, King & Spalding, LLP, Mary Josephine Leddy Volkert, State of Georgia Law Department, Laura Elisabeth Ashby, Miller & Martin, Atlanta, GA, Jonathan Bloom, R. Bruce Rich, Randi W. Singer, Todd D. Larson, Weil Gotshal & Manges, New York, NY, for Plaintiffs.

Katrina M. Quicker, Richard William Miller, Katrina M. Quicker, Ballard Spahr LLP, Stephen M. Schaetzel, Anthony B. Askew, McKeon Meunier Carlin & Curfman, LLC, Courtney Suzanne Werner, John Weldon Harbin, Kristen A. Swift, Mary Katherine Bates, Natasha Horne Moffitt, King & Spalding, LLP, Laura Elisabeth Ashby, Miller & Martin, Mary Josephine Leddy Volkert, State Of Georgia Law Department, Matthew P. Warenzak Smith Gambrell & Russell Atlanta, GA, for Defendants.

ORDER

ORINDA D. EVANS, District Judge.

Table of Contents
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
                ¦I.  ¦Case History                                                   ¦1201   ¦
                +----+---------------------------------------------------------------+-------¦
                ¦    ¦                                                               ¦       ¦
                +----+---------------------------------------------------------------+-------¦
                ¦II. ¦Eleventh Amendment Immunity and the Ex Parte Young Doctrine    ¦1205   ¦
                +----+---------------------------------------------------------------+-------¦
                ¦    ¦                                                               ¦       ¦
                +----+---------------------------------------------------------------+-------¦
                ¦III.¦Copyright Infringement and the Fair Use Defense                ¦1210   ¦
                +----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
                
+-----------------------------------------------+
                ¦  ¦A.¦Findings of Fact                    ¦1211¦
                +--+--+------------------------------------+----¦
                ¦  ¦B.¦Conclusions of Law                  ¦1221¦
                +-----------------------------------------------+
                
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
                ¦    ¦    ¦1.  ¦Prima Facie Case of Copyright Infringement            ¦1221  ¦
                +----+----+----+------------------------------------------------------+------¦
                ¦    ¦    ¦2.  ¦The Fair Use Defense                                  ¦1223  ¦
                +----+----+----+------------------------------------------------------+------¦
                ¦    ¦    ¦    ¦Factor 1: Purpose and Character of the Use, including ¦      ¦
                ¦    ¦    ¦    ¦whether such use is of a commercial character or is   ¦1224  ¦
                ¦    ¦    ¦    ¦for nonprofit educational purposes                    ¦      ¦
                +----+----+----+------------------------------------------------------+------¦
                ¦    ¦    ¦    ¦Factor 2: Nature of the Copyrighted Work              ¦1225  ¦
                +----+----+----+------------------------------------------------------+------¦
                ¦    ¦    ¦    ¦Factor 3: Amount and Substantiality of the Portion    ¦1227  ¦
                ¦    ¦    ¦    ¦Used in Relation to the Copyrighted Work as a Whole   ¦      ¦
                +----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
                
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
                ¦    ¦    ¦    ¦a. ¦Classroom Guidelines                             ¦1227  ¦
                +----+----+----+---+-------------------------------------------------+------¦
                ¦    ¦    ¦    ¦b. ¦Amount of the Portion Used in Relation to the    ¦1229  ¦
                ¦    ¦    ¦    ¦   ¦Copyrighted Work as a Whole                      ¦      ¦
                +----+----+----+---+-------------------------------------------------+------¦
                ¦    ¦    ¦    ¦c. ¦Substantiality of the Portion Used in Relation to¦1233  ¦
                ¦    ¦    ¦    ¦   ¦the Copyrighted Work as a Whole                  ¦      ¦
                +---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
                
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
                ¦    ¦    ¦    ¦Factor 4: The Effect of the Use on the Potential      ¦1235  ¦
                ¦    ¦    ¦    ¦Market for or Value of the Copyrighted Work           ¦      ¦
                +----+----+----+------------------------------------------------------+------¦
                ¦    ¦    ¦    ¦Additional Considerations                             ¦1240  ¦
                +----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
                
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
                ¦    ¦    ¦    ¦a. ¦Limited unpaid copying of excerpts will not deter¦1240  ¦
                ¦    ¦    ¦    ¦   ¦academic authors from creating new academic works¦      ¦
                +---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
                
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
                ¦    ¦    ¦    ¦   ¦The slight limitation of permissions income      ¦      ¦
                ¦    ¦    ¦    ¦   ¦caused by the fair use authorized by this Order  ¦      ¦
                ¦    ¦    ¦    ¦b. ¦will not appreciably diminish Plaintiffs' ability¦1240  ¦
                ¦    ¦    ¦    ¦   ¦to publish scholarly works and will promote the  ¦      ¦
                ¦    ¦    ¦    ¦   ¦spread of knowledge                              ¦      ¦
                +---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
                
+-----------------------------------------------+
                ¦  ¦  ¦  ¦Summary of Fair Use Assessment   ¦1242¦
                +-----------------------------------------------+
                
+------------------------------------------------------------+
                ¦IV.¦Individual Infringement Claims                    ¦1243 ¦
                +------------------------------------------------------------+
                
+-----------------------------------------------+
                ¦  ¦A.¦Professor Murphy                    ¦1243¦
                +--+--+------------------------------------+----¦
                ¦  ¦  ¦Maymester 2009: AL 8480             ¦    ¦
                +-----------------------------------------------+
                
+---------------------------------------------------------+
                ¦   ¦   ¦1. ¦Pronunciation Games (Cambridge)        ¦1244 ¦
                +---+---+---+---------------------------------------+-----¦
                ¦   ¦   ¦2. ¦Keep Talking (Cambridge)               ¦1246 ¦
                +---+---+---+---------------------------------------+-----¦
                ¦   ¦   ¦3. ¦More Grammar Games (Cambridge)         ¦1247 ¦
                +---+---+---+---------------------------------------+-----¦
                ¦   ¦   ¦4. ¦Grammar Practice Activities (Cambridge)¦1248 ¦
                +---+---+---+---------------------------------------+-----¦
                ¦   ¦   ¦5. ¦Five Minute Activities (Cambridge)     ¦1249 ¦
                +---+---+---+---------------------------------------+-----¦
                ¦   ¦   ¦6. ¦Newspapers (Oxford)                    ¦1251 ¦
                +---+---+---+---------------------------------------+-----¦
                ¦   ¦   ¦7. ¦Role Play (Oxford)                     ¦1252 ¦
                +---------------------------------------------------------+
                
+-----------------------------------------------+
                ¦  ¦B.¦Professor Kaufmann                  ¦1253¦
                +--+--+------------------------------------+----¦
                ¦  ¦  ¦Maymester 2009: EPRS 8500           ¦    ¦
                +-----------------------------------------------+
                
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
                ¦    ¦    ¦8.  ¦The Craft of Inquiry (Oxford)                         ¦1253  ¦
                +----+----+----+------------------------------------------------------+------¦
                ¦    ¦    ¦9.  ¦Handbook of Feminist Research (Sage)                  ¦1255  ¦
                +----+----+----+------------------------------------------------------+------¦
                ¦    ¦    ¦10. ¦Handbook of Social Theory (Sage)                      ¦1256  ¦
                +----+----+----+------------------------------------------------------+------¦
                ¦    ¦    ¦11. ¦The Sage Handbook of Qualitative Research (Third)     ¦1258  ¦
                ¦    ¦    ¦    ¦(Sage)                                                ¦      ¦
                +----+----+----+------------------------------------------------------+------¦
                ¦    ¦    ¦12. ¦The Sage Handbook of Qualitative Research (Second)    ¦1261  ¦
                ¦    ¦    ¦    ¦(Sage)                                                ¦      ¦
                +----+----+----+------------------------------------------------------+------¦
                ¦    ¦    ¦13. ¦Handbook of Critical & Indigenous Methodologies (Sage)¦1262  ¦
                +----+----+----+------------------------------------------------------+------¦
                ¦    ¦    ¦14. ¦Qualitative Research Practice (Sage)                  ¦1264  ¦
                +----+----+----+------------------------------------------------------+------¦
                ¦    ¦    ¦15. ¦Handbook of Narrative Inquiry (Sage)                  ¦1265  ¦
                +----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
                
+----------------------------------+
                ¦  ¦  ¦Summer 2009: EPRS 8510  ¦   ¦
                +----------------------------------+
                
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
                ¦    ¦    ¦16. ¦The Sage Handbook of Qualitative Research
...

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6 cases
  • Cambridge Univ. Press, Oxford Univ. Press, Inc. v. Patton
    • United States
    • U.S. Court of Appeals — Eleventh Circuit
    • October 17, 2014
    ...monographs, which are “small, single author books which give in-depth analysis of a narrow topic,” Cambridge Univ. Press v. Becker, 863 F.Supp.2d 1190, 1212 (N.D.Ga.2012) (footnote omitted), instructional books, trade books, and other works on academic topics. Sage primarily publishes books......
  • Cambridge Univ. Press v. Patton
    • United States
    • U.S. Court of Appeals — Eleventh Circuit
    • October 17, 2014
    ...monographs, which are “small, single author books which give in-depth analysis of a narrow topic,” Cambridge Univ. Press v. Becker, 863 F.Supp.2d 1190, 1212 (N.D.Ga.2012) (footnote omitted), instructional books, trade books, and other works on academic topics. Sage primarily publishes books......
  • Singleton v. Dean
    • United States
    • U.S. District Court — Northern District of Florida
    • December 10, 2014
    ...are original." Id. (citing Latimer v. Roaring Toyz, Inc., 601 F.3d 1224, 1232-33 (11th Cir. 2010); see also Cambridge Univ. Press v. Becker, 863 F.Supp.2d 1190, 1221 (N.D. Ga. 2012) (citing Feist Publ'ns, Inc. v. Rural Tel. Serv. Co., 499 U.S. 340, 361, 111 S.Ct. 1282, 1296, 113 L.Ed.2d 358......
  • Cambridge Univ. Press v. Albert
    • United States
    • U.S. Court of Appeals — Eleventh Circuit
    • October 19, 2018
    ...court ruled that the University infringed the copyrights of the publishers in five instances. See Cambridge Univ. Press v. Becker (Cambridge I ), 863 F.Supp.2d 1190, 1363–64 (N.D. Ga. 2012). The district court found that the publishers established a prima facie case for 48 instances of infr......
    • Get Started for Free
3 firm's commentaries
  • DMCA Take-Down Notice: Best Practices
    • United States
    • JD Supra United States
    • October 13, 2015
    ...(see below) Rethinking Fair Use in the DMCA Context, Mitch Tuchman, September 18, 2015 Mitchell Tuchman Cambridge University Press v. Becker, 863 F.Supp.2d 1190, 1363 (N.D. Ga. 2012)-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font......
  • DMCA Take-Down Notice: Best Practices
    • United States
    • Mondaq United States
    • October 13, 2015
    ...has observed that "fair use principles are notoriously difficult to apply." See, for instance, Cambridge University Press v. Becker, 863 F.Supp.2d 1190, 1363 (N.D. Ga. 2012) (reversed on other grounds). And the leading treatise on copyright law opines, "Usually, fair use determinations are ......
  • Queen Anne’s Revenge, Indeed!: Copyright Conundrums, Sovereign States, and IP Piracy
    • United States
    • JD Supra United States
    • July 23, 2020
    ...intent is not relevant to a determination whether infringements occurred” in a copyright case, Cambridge University Press v. Becker, 863 F. Supp. 2d 1190, 1363 (N.D. Ga. 2012)(finding against Georgia State University after trial, notwithstanding 11th Amendment), reversed on non-11th Amendme......
3 books & journal articles
  • Protecting the Public Domain and the Right to Use Copyrighted Works: Four Decades of the Eleventh Circuit's Copyright Law Jurisprudence
    • United States
    • University of Georgia School of Law Journal of Intellectual Property Law (FC Access) No. 29-1, 2021
    • Invalid date
    ...of photocopying and digital reproduction). 380. Cambridge Univ. Press v. Patton, 769 F.3d 1232 (11th Cir. 2014), rev'g and remanding 863 F. Supp. 2d 1190 (N.D. Ga. 2012).381. Id. at 1237.382. Id. at 1249.383. Id.384. Id. at 1263 (citing Campbell v. Acuff-Rose Music, Inc., 510 U.S. 569, 579 ......
  • Copyright for Literate Robots
    • United States
    • Iowa Law Review No. 101-2, January 2016
    • January 1, 2016
    ...while in theory distinguishable, are in truth uncomfortably close—but in the different 64. Cambridge Univ. Press v. Becker, 863 F. Supp. 2d 1190, 1245–53, 1265, 1298, 1314, 1337 (N.D. Ga. 2012), rev’d on other grounds sub nom. Cambridge Univ. Press v. Patton, 769 F.3d 1232 (11th Cir. 2014).......
  • Liberating the Library: Fair Use Mostly Upheld for University E-reserves in Cambridge University Press v. Becker
    • United States
    • Mercer University School of Law Mercer Law Reviews No. 64-2, January 2013
    • Invalid date
    ...the license companies want to be paid and they are willing to take your school to court to do so. Jennifer Findley*** --------Notes:1. 863 F. Supp. 2d 1190 (n.d. Ga. 2012).2. U.S.C. tit. 17, ch. 1-8 (2006). Although Congress enacted a Copyright Act in 1909, with the dawn of new technologies......

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