Cambron v. State, 274S44

• Decision Date: 19 February 1975
• Docket Number: No. 274S44,274S44
• Parties: Jimmy Ray CAMBRON, Appellant, v. STATE of Indiana, Appellee.
• Court: Indiana Supreme Court

Page 712

322 N.E.2d 712

262 Ind. 660

Jimmy Ray CAMBRON, Appellant, v. STATE of Indiana, Appellee.

No. 274S44.

Supreme Court of Indiana.

Feb. 19, 1975.

Robert J. Mahoney, Isadore D. Rosenfeld, South Bend, for appellant.

Theodore L. Sendak, Atty. Gen. of Ind., John H. Meyers, Deputy Atty. Gen., Indianapolis, for appellee.

DeBRULER, Justice.

Appellant, Jimmy Ray Cambron, was indicted for first degree murder, I.C.1971, 35--13--4--1, being Burns § 10--3401. In a trial by jury in LaPorte Circuit Court, Judge Alban M. Smith presiding, appellant was found guilty of second degree murder, I.C.1971, 35--1--54--1, being Burns § 10--3404, and sentenced to fifteen to twenty-five years imprisonment.

He appeals on two grounds: (1) that the court erred in admitting into evidence two photographs; (2) that the evidence independent of appellant's out-of-court confession was insufficient to establish the corpus delicti and to support the verdict.

The following is a statement of the facts as presented by the State. On December 2, 1972, appellant and a friend, Simmons, were driving around and drinking. They stopped at Baumgartner's house, and he asked them to take him out either to cash his pension check or to buy some liquor. They drove him to several stores but none would cash his check. Finally, he bought a six-pack of beer and a fifth of whiskey, and all three went back to his house to drink. After thirty minutes to an hour, Simmons suddenly got upset and kicked Baumgartner, who grabbed Simmons' shoulder and fell to the floor. Simmons took his wallet and keys from his pocket. At that point, either Simmons or appellant or both struck Baumgartner eleven blows with a meat tenderizer from his kitchen. Appellant carried out the victim's rifle and Simmons took his wallet, a radio and some cigarettes.

They drove away and saw two girls and a boy whom they knew hitchhiking. They agreed to drive them to their destination. On the way there, near a bridge, appellant told Simmons to throw the tenderizer out the window, and he did so. Appellant almost got into a fight with the boy, but Simmons stopped him. They dropped the hitchhikers off and retraced some of their route. Near the same bridge, but on the opposite side of the street, Simmons threw the wallet and keys out of the car.

Soon thereafter, they were involved in a traffic accident. Simmons got into an argument with the other driver and hit him, but appellant intervened. Then appellant got into a fight with an acquaintance who was heckling him. When the police arrived at the scene of the accident, they arrested appellant for disorderly conduct and public intoxication. He was released the next morning, but, on December 4th, officers came to the location where appellant and his father were working and took them to the Dectective Bureau. At first, appellant denied any part in the homicide, but, during the third interrogation, he admitted that he, too, struck Baumgartner with the tenderizer. He said that Simmons needed money and suggested that they rob Baumgartner and that they took Baumgartner to cash his check with the intention of robbing him. He said that after Simmons had struck Baumgartner with the tenderizer, he moved slightly and moaned, and Simmons told appellant to finish him off. Appellant said he grabbed the tenderizer and struck Baumgartner on the head three or four times. At this point in the questioning, appellant's father interrupted and asked that the interrogation end. At trial, an officer testified to appellant's statements and a synopsis was read into evidence, but appellant, himself, was never asked to sign the statement, which apparently was not reduced to written form on the date it was given.

At trial, appellant objected to the admission of all of the photographs, because they were 'inflammatory and highly prejudicial' and were not indicative of the res gestae. On appeal, he objects to two photographs: (1) the head of the victim after he had been moved from the scene of the crime, but before the blood had been wiped away to show the wounds; (2) a pool of blood on the floor near the lower corner of a desk, with bloodstained papers strewn around the floor.

We agree with appellant that these photographs were gruesome. However, this Court has repeatedly upheld the trial court's decision to admit into evidence gruesome and inflammatory photographs as long as they are relevant and portray accurately the object or scene they represent. In contrast, photographs which distort or are likely to confuse the jury are inadmissible. Kiefer v. State (1958), 239 Ind. 103, 153 N.E.2d 899 (Photograph of the hands and instruments of the surgeon inside the deceased's chest during the autopsy and photograph of the body showing additional incisions made by the doctor performing the autopsy were inadmissible.).

The photographs in issue showed the victim's head completely covered with blood and the pool of blood left by the victim's wounds. Although the State introduced into evidence other photographs of the victim lying on the floor, of the room in disarray after the body had been moved, and of the victim's head after it had been washed and shaved to reveal the eleven wounds, none of these photographs showed the blood on the head and floor clearly. One of the questions of fact was the origin of the blood which covered the front of appellant's shirt, undershirt, trousers, and shoes, including the instep of the shoes. The officer from the Police Laboratory who testified did not state what type of blood appellant had and reported that he was unable to determine the blood type of the stains on the clothes and shoes. Appellant testified that he was never closer than six feet to the victim and that the blood came from a nosebleed he sustained in the fight after the automobile accident. To the contrary, the State sought to present the jury with circumstantial evidence from which the jury could infer that the blood came from the...