Campos v. Flaherty

• Court: North Carolina Court of Appeals
• Writing for the Court: ARNOLD
• Citation: Campos v. Flaherty, 377 S.E.2d 282, 93 N.C.App. 219 (N.C. App. 1989)
• Decision Date: 21 March 1989
• Docket Number: No. 8818SC808,8818SC808
• Parties: Susan CAMPOS, Petitioner-Appellant, v. David FLAHERTY, Respondent-Appellee.

Page 282

377 S.E.2d 282

93 N.C.App. 219

Susan CAMPOS, Petitioner-Appellant, v. David FLAHERTY, Respondent-Appellee.

No. 8818SC808.

Court of Appeals of North Carolina.

March 21, 1989.

Central Carolina Legal Services, Inc. by Stanley B. Sprague, Greensboro, for appellant.

Atty. Gen. Lacy H. Thornburg by Associate Atty. Gen. Martha K. Walston, Raleigh, for respondent appellee.

ARNOLD, Judge.

Plaintiff contends that the federal statute which governs recoupment in AFDC overpayment cases does not allow recoupment from plaintiff's AFDC benefits merely because her three children were members of the overpaid assistance unit, when her ex-husband, the overpaid recipient, is not a member of plaintiff's assistance unit. We agree.

The governing federal statute was amended in 1981 as part of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (OBRA), Pub.L. No. 97-35. 95 Stat. 357:

42 U.S.C.S. § 602 State plans for aid and services to needy families with children ...

(a) Contents. A State plan for aid and services to needy families with children must

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(22) provide that the State agency will promptly take all necessary steps to correct any overpayment or underpayment of aid under the State plan, and, in the case of--

(A) an overpayment to an individual who is a current recipient of such aid (including a current recipient whose overpayment occurred during a prior period of eligibility), recovery will be made by repayment by the individual or by reducing the amount of any future aid payable to the family of which he is a member ...

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(C) an underpayment, the corrective payment shall be disregarded in determining the income of the family, and shall be disregarded in determining its resources in the month the corrective payment is made and in the following month....

We are asked to decide whether the State's position, that the terms "individual who is a current recipient" in the statute refers to the dependent children who were in the custody of their father when the overpayment was made, is correct.

When interpreting federal statutes the United States Supreme Court has stated "that the starting point for interpreting a statute is the language of the statute itself. Absent a clearly expressed legislative intention to the contrary, that language must ordinarily be regarded as conclusive." Consumer Product Safety Comm'n v. GTE Sylvania, 447 U.S. 102, 108, 100 S.Ct. 2051, 2056, 64 L.Ed.2d 766, 772 (1980). North Carolina courts are in accord, though our courts place primary emphasis on discovering legislative intent. Williams v. Williams, 299 N.C. 174, 179-80, 261 S.E.2d 849, 853 (1980). In addition, nontechnical statutory words are to be given a common and ordinary meaning. Id. at 180, 261 S.E.2d at 854. "Statutes dealing with the same subject matter must be construed in pari materia ... as together constituting one law ... and harmonized to give effect to each." Id. at 180-81, 261 S.E.2d 854 (citations omitted). "[W]hen a statute contains a definition of a word or term used therein, such definition, unless the context clearly requires otherwise, is to be read into the statute wherever such word or term appears therein." Smith v. Powell, Comr. of Motor Vehicles, 293 N.C. 342, 345, 238 S.E.2d 137, 140 (1977).

Applying these rules of construction to the question at hand, the plain language of the statute speaks of "overpayment to an individual," and does not concern itself with overpayment to an "assistance unit" or to "dependent children." The statute speaks in the singular. It does not lend itself to an interpretation that it is directing recoupment at persons other than the recipient, the individual who is the payee of the benefits check, unless the payee is a member of the family from whom recoupment is sought.

The language in 42 U.S.C. § 602(a)(22)(A) which allows recoupment "by reducing the amount of any future aid payable to the family of which he is a member" does not further the interpretation of the county agency. Parents, when separated and subsequently divorced, are not members of the same family. Plaintiff states in her affidavit that she and her husband have not lived as a family since August of 1986.

The statute describes the "individual" who receives the overpayment as a "recipient." In the accompanying definitions section, 42 U.S.C. § 606(b), the "recipient" is described as the one enabled "to pay for specific goods, services, or items recognized by the State agency as part of the child's need...." (Emphasis added):

(a) The term "dependent child" means a needy child (1) who has been deprived of parental support or care by reason of the death ... or physical or mental incapacity of a parent....

(b) The term "aid to families with dependent children" means money payments with respect to a dependent child or dependent children....

An individual who is a "recipient" is an individual with custody of "needy children." Never does the statute refer to the innocent children as recipients themselves.

In addition to the plain language, and the clarity of the accompanying definitions sections, 42 U.S.C. § 602(a)(22) sets out the procedure for recoupment when an individual payee, the father here, is no longer the current recipient:

(B) an overpayment to any individual who is no longer receiving aid under the plan, recovery shall be made by appropriate action under State law against the income or resources of the individual or the family....

Generally in cases concerned with recoupment of AFDC benefits, the applicant alone was treated as the "individual" who was the recipient. See State of Kansas...