Carter v. Bessey

• Decision Date: 16 August 1939
• Docket Number: 6135
• Court: Utah Supreme Court
• Parties: CARTER v. BESSEY et al

93 P.2d 490

97 Utah 427

CARTER v. BESSEY et al

No. 6135

Supreme Court of Utah

August 16, 1939

Appeal from District Court, Third District, Salt Lake County; Allen G. Thurman, Judge.

Action by Mrs. Follis Carter against Clarence N. Bessey and Jewel Tea Company for damages for injuries suffered when struck by a truck. From a judgment for the plaintiff, and against both defendants, the Jewel Tea Company appeals. Affirmed.

AFFIRMED.

H. D Moyle, of Salt Lake City, for appellant.

Van Cott, Riter & Farnsworth and Grant Bagley, all of Salt Lake City, for respondent.

LARSON Justice. MOFFAT, C. J., and McDONOUGH and PRATT, JJ., WOLFE Justice., concurring.

OPINION

LARSON, Justice.

Appellant seeks to set aside the judgment of the trial court imposing liability upon this appellant, based upon the doctrine of respondeat superior, for injuries received by the respondent.

Appellant's agent, Bessey, covered that section of Salt Lake City bounded on the east by Main Street and on the south by Ninth South Street, taking orders and making deliveries of groceries and household merchandise. He started work at 7 a. m. and chose his own routes within his area. According to the contract of employment Bessey was instructed not to drive the Company's truck for personal use. The truck was kept in a garage rented by the Company, situated across the street from Bessey's home on East Fifth South Street. Bessey testified that he usually drove home at night by certain through thoroughfares but he was not instructed by his employer in the matter of the selection of routes. On the night of the accident Bessey made his last call by driving south on Second West Street to a house between Eighth and Ninth South to collect for an order previously delivered. He then drove south to Ninth South Street, east to Main Street, north on Main to a point on the west side of Main between Seventh and Eighth South Streets where he purchased a Christmas tree for his family, put it upon the right front fender of the car and continued north to Fifth South Street where he turned east towards his home and the Company garage where he was to leave the truck. Plaintiff, a pedestrian going north on the east side of Main Street, seeing the red light showing "Stop" for east and west travel and "Go" for north and south, started to cross the intersection at Fifth South. The truck struck her as it was turning the corner, causing serious injuries. The jury returned a verdict in favor of the plaintiff and against both defendants for $ 5,683.86. The defendant, Jewel Tea Company, alone appeals.

The appellant contends that by stopping to purchase the Christmas tree, deviating from the usual physical route traversed by the agent in the evenings, and disobeying the instructions of the Company concerning the use of the Company truck for personal uses, the agent was beyond the scope of his employment and therefore he alone can be liable for the respondent's injuries. There are several cases cited to support this view, the most important one of which is the Utah case of Cannon v. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co., 60 Utah 346, 208 P. 519.

As to the deviation, it is argued that the servant deviated when he went east on Ninth South Street after making the collection rather than turning around on Second West and going north to Fifth South, and would not return to the scope of his employment until parking the truck in the Company's garage, after having delivered the tree at his home, or if that be not correct, the deviation must at least be said to have commenced when the tree was put upon the truck, and the agent was thereafter engaged in his own business until he reached the garage with the truck. Respondent answers that what was done did not constitute a departure from the agent's employment, and if it did, the servant returned to his employment when, having put the tree on the truck he started by direct route to deliver the truck to the garage, and when driving into Fifth South Street he had two purposes--the continuation of his master's business (to park the car which contained some of the Company's undelivered goods in the garage for the night), and his own desire to deliver the tree at his home. The earlier deviation from the route usually taken by the agent is immaterial because it was not substantial and the agent was free to select his own methods and thoroughfares. It may also be noted that the route taken was the most direct one to the garage. To hold that, because an agent may become accustomed to driving along certain thoroughfares within the boundaries of the territory in which he works for the employer, a change to another route is a departure from the scope of his employment would not be sound.

Appellant relies principally upon the case of Cannon v. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co., supra, but the facts in that case are widely different from those in the case at bar. There the driver worked definite hours, and the accident occurred several hours after he had ceased his employment for the master and while he was using the truck upon business wholly and exclusively his own. Though he was driving the Company's truck he was completely dissevered from the master's control or service. In the case before us, Bessey had not completed his day's work for the master. He was still about his master's business though also incidentally attending to some purposes of his own. That such dual activity does not ipso facto discharge the master from liability is settled by the overwhelming weight of authority. Burton v. La Duke, 61 Utah 78, 210 P. 978; Gayton v. Pacific Fruit Express Co., 127 Cal.App. 50, 15 P.2d 217; Brimberry v. Dudfield Lumber Co., 183 Cal. 454, 191 P. 894; Marks' Dependents v. Gray, 251 N.Y. 90, 167 N.E. 181; Shearman and Redfield on Negligence, 6th Ed. § 147a. A slight deviation from orders or attending incidentally to other business than the master's, but which does not dissever the servant from the master's business does not relieve the master from liability for the servant's negligence. If the servant is about the master's business even though also attending to private affairs, he is within the scope of his employment and the master is liable. But when the servant, for purposes of his own or for purposes other than the master's business, is engaged in activity which has no relation to the master's business, to his employment, he has for such time departed from the scope of his employment and the master is not liable for his negligence. The rule has been stated in Shearman and Redfield on Negligence, 6th Ed., § 147a:

"One does not cease to be acting within the course of the master's employment because his most direct and immediate pursuit of the master's business is subject to necessary, usual or incidental personal acts, nor even by slight and immaterial delays or deflections from the most direct route for a personal or private purpose, the pursuit of the master's business continuing to be the controlling purpose. Such acts, not amounting to a turning aside completely from the master's business so as to be inconsistent with its pursuit, are often only...