Carter v. US, 98-CO-1252.
Decision Date | 17 October 2001 |
Docket Number | No. 98-CO-1252.,98-CO-1252. |
Citation | 791 A.2d 23 |
Parties | George E. CARTER, Appellant, v. UNITED STATES, Appellee. |
Court | D.C. Court of Appeals |
Decided October 17, 2001.1
John T. Moran, Jr., appointed by the court, for appellant.
Elizabeth Trosman, Assistant United States Attorney, with whom Wilma A. Lewis, United States Attorney at the time the brief was filed, and John R. Fisher, Assistant United States Attorney, were on the brief, for appellee.
Before STEADMAN and WASHINGTON, Associate Judges, and BELSON, Senior Judge.
On remand from this court in Carter v. United States, 684 A.2d 331 (D.C.1996) (en banc), the trial court entered an Order denying appellant George Carter's2 motion for a new trial, and he now appeals. Appellant argues that he was entitled to a new trial because a defense witness, appellant's brother Craig Carter,3 was improperly allowed to invoke his Fifth Amendment privilege against self-incrimination and refused to testify at appellant's original trial. Appellant contends that Carter waived his Fifth Amendment privilege when he disclosed that he was a chronic drug user during a presentence interview that predated appellant's trial. Because we find that the trial court properly concluded that Carter had not waived his right to assert his Fifth Amendment privilege, we affirm.
Relying on the Supreme Court's opinion in Minnesota v. Murphy, 465 U.S. 420, 104 S.Ct. 1136, 79 L.Ed.2d 409 (1984), appellant argues that Carter's disclosures during a presentence interview regarding his drug use effectively waived his Fifth Amendment right not to testify at appellant's armed robbery trial.4 The trial court disagreed with appellant's argument, ruling that Carter had not waived his Fifth Amendment privilege, and thus could not be compelled to testify at a new trial. While we need not pass upon all aspects of the trial court's waiver analysis, we do agree that Carter did not waive his right to assert his privilege at appellant's trial, and that appellant's motion for a new trial was properly denied.
In Ellis v. United States, 135 U.S.App. D.C. 35, 416 F.2d 791 (1969),5 our local waiver rule was established. In that case, the court held that:
The Ellis court also distinguished a "formal proceeding" from the type of presentence interview at issue here:
There is, of course, an important distinction between prior sworn testimony at a formal proceeding, for example a grand jury hearing, and statements volunteered during an informal investigation or properly supervised custodial situation. We deal with a question of substantially increased credibility and reliability. Thus we do not hold that waiver takes place when a witness, who has made disclosures to investigating agents is called at trial, or before the grand jury . . . [W]e feel that a statement made to investigators, as opposed to that at a formally constituted tribunal, has less impact even in legal significance if introduced at a subsequent trial of the witness. Thus, the witness may suffer real detriment if he is held to his informal waiver.
Ellis, supra, 135 U.S.App.D.C. at 49 n. 37, 416 F.2d at 805 n. 37 (emphasis added). Certainly, unsworn discussions with probation officers are more akin to discussions with "investigating agents" than formal proceedings in which the witness is under oath. Thus, while we have expanded the scope of the Ellis waiver rule to encompass testimony given by witnesses at proceedings other than the grand jury, those proceedings have always been under oath.
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Carter–El v. D.C. Dep't of Corr.
...Court, the District of Columbia Court of Appeals ultimately affirmed the armed robbery and CPWL convictions. See Carter v. United States, 791 A.2d 23 (D.C.2001); Carter v. United States, 684 A.2d 331 (D.C.1996). .... Currently, the petitioner's aggregate sentence of 22 to 67 years' imprison......
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Carter-El v. Fulwood, Civil Action No. 10–1778 (RBW).
...Court, the District of Columbia Court of Appeals ultimately affirmed the armed robbery and CPWL convictions. See Carter v. United States, 791 A.2d 23 (D.C.2001); Carter v. United States, 684 A.2d 331 (D.C.1996). On several occasions, the petitioner unsuccessfully sought collateral relief fr......
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Carter-El v. Fulwood
...Court, the District of Columbia Court of Appeals ultimately affirmed the armed robbery and CPWL convictions. See Carter v. United States, 791 A.2d 23 (D.C. 2001); Carter v. United States, 684 A.2d 331 (D.C. 1996). On several occasions, the petitioner unsuccessfully sought collateral relief ......