Carter v. ZB, Nat'l Ass'n

• Decision Date: 07 May 2019
• Docket Number: NO. 14-17-00900-CV,14-17-00900-CV
• Citation: 578 S.W.3d 613
• Parties: Stanwyn Jay CARTER, Appellant v. ZB, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION d/b/a Amegy Bank, Appellee
• Court: Texas Court of Appeals

578 S.W.3d 613

Stanwyn Jay CARTER, Appellant

v.ZB, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION d/b/a Amegy Bank, Appellee

NO. 14-17-00900-CV

Court of Appeals of Texas, Houston (14th Dist.).

Opinion filed May 7, 2019

Stanwyn Jay Carter, Pearland, TX, pro se.

Amy Wolfshohl, Jonna Summers, Houston, TX, for Appellee.

Panel consists of Chief Justice Frost and Justices Wise and Jewell.

Kem Thompson Frost, Chief Justice

Appellant Stanwyn Jay Carter, pro se , appeals the trial court’s order granting appellee ZB, National Association d/b/a Amegy Bank ("Amegy Bank") summary judgment on its claim for declaratory relief that Carter cannot force Amegy Bank to arbitrate the dispute in an arbitration that Carter had commenced. We modify the trial court’s judgment to delete two declarations and affirm the judgment as modified.

I. FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

Contours Community Development Corporation executed a promissory note dated September 1, 2010, in the principal amount of $ 544,000 (the "Note") payable to Amegy Bank. Carter signed the Note as Executive Director of Contours. Contours and Amegy Bank executed a "First Modification and Extension to Note and Deed of Trust," dated December 31, 2010 ("First Modification"). Carter signed the First Modification as Executive Director of Contours.

Paragraph 43 of the Note and paragraph 13 of the First Modification address dispute resolution and are substantially similar in all material respects. Each paragraph has a section entitled "JURY TRIAL WAIVER," and a section entitled "ARBITRATION." In the first section, Contours and Amegy Bank waive their right to a jury trial in connection with a claim, dispute, or controversy that arises between them with respect to the Note, related agreements, or any other agreement or business relationship between them, whether or not related to the subject matter of the Note (hereinafter a "Dispute"). In the first paragraph, Contours and Amegy Bank agree that any Dispute will be resolved "BY A JUDGE SITTING WITHOUT A JURY." Contours and Amegy Bank agree that if a court determines that the jury-trial-waiver provision is not enforceable, then before trial of a Dispute but not later than thirty days after entry of the order determining the provision to be unenforceable, either party may move the court for an order compelling arbitration and staying or dismissing such litigation pending arbitration (an "Arbitration Order.").

In the second paragraph regarding arbitration, Contours and Amegy Bank agree that if a Dispute arises and only if a jury-trial waiver is not permitted by applicable law or by a court ruling, then either party may require that the Dispute be resolved by binding arbitration before a single arbitrator at the request of any party.

Carter, pro se , filed a demand for arbitration with JAMS, seeking to arbitrate claims against Amegy Bank under the arbitration provision in Paragraph 43 of the Note. When JAMS refused to dismiss the arbitration, Amegy Bank filed suit in the trial court below seeking declaratory relief, including a declaration that Carter cannot force Amegy Bank to arbitrate, and seeking to stay the arbitration proceedings. Instead of filing an answer, Carter filed a motion to compel arbitration.

Following a temporary restraining order and a temporary injunction enjoining Carter from continuing to prosecute the arbitration, Amegy Bank filed a motion for traditional summary judgment. In the motion, Amegy Bank sought various declarations as a matter of law, including a declaration that Carter cannot force Amegy Bank to arbitrate the dispute in the commenced JAMS arbitration styled Carter, Stanwyn Jay v. Amegy Bank National Association (hereinafter the "Carter Dispute"). Amegy Bank maintains that Carter improperly commenced arbitration predicated on an arbitration provision that does not authorize arbitration at this juncture. Amegy Bank attached to its motion authenticated copies of the Note and the First Modification. Carter filed a summary-judgment response, asserting various points and arguing that he raised genuine issues of material fact.

The trial court granted Amegy Bank’s summary-judgment motion, making seven declarations as a matter of law. The trial court later rendered a final judgment ordering that the Carter Dispute remain stayed. In the final judgment the trial court reiterated the same seven declarations:

1. Pursuant to Paragraph 43 of the Promissory Note and Paragraph 13 of the First Modification and Extension to Note and Deed of Trust ("First Modification"), only a court may determine the validity, enforceability, meaning, and scope of the Promissory Note and First Modification’s arbitration provisions.

2. Pursuant to Paragraph 43 of the Promissory Note and Paragraph 13 of the First Modification, arbitration cannot be commenced unless a court determines that the jury trial waiver is not enforceable.

3. Pursuant to Paragraph 43 of the Promissory Note and Paragraph 13 of the First Modification, arbitration cannot be commenced until there is an Arbitration Order as defined in the Promissory Note and First Modification.

4. Pursuant to Paragraph 43 of the Promissory Note and Paragraph 13 of the First Modification, an Arbitration Order cannot issue unless a court determines that the jury trial waiver is not enforceable.

5. An Arbitration Order has not issued.

6. There has been no determination that the jury trial waiver is unenforceable.

7. Defendant Stanwyn Jay Carter cannot force ZB, National Association d/b/a Amegy Bank to arbitrate the dispute in the commenced JAMS arbitration styled Carter, Stanwyn Jay vs. Amegy Bank National Association.

On appeal Carter argues that the trial court reversibly erred in granting summary judgment.

II. Analysis

Liberally construing Carter’s brief, we interpret Carter to assert the following points:

(1) The agreement does not require an arbitration order to issue before an arbitration may be initiated under the arbitration clause.

(2) Under their plain texts, the agreements provide for arbitration if a jury-trial waiver is not permitted by applicable law or by court ruling, and thus there is no requirement that a court determine the jury-trial waiver to be unenforceable.

(3) The jury-trial-waiver provision applies if permitted by applicable law or by a court ruling, but no summary-judgment evidence proves either proposition.

(4) Even though Carter did not sign the Note or First Modification in his individual capacity, Carter may arbitrate the Carter Dispute because he is an obligated party to an arbitration agreement that encompasses the Carter Dispute and because Amegy Bank refuses to arbitrate.

(5) The trial court erred in declaring that Carter cannot force Amegy Bank to arbitrate the Carter Dispute because the arbitration clause provides that "Arbitration shall be commenced by filing a petition with, and in accordance with the applicable arbitration rules of, JAMS or National Arbitration Forum ... as selected by the initiating party."

(6) The trial court’s first declaration is contrary to precedent under which attacks on the validity of the contract, as opposed to attacks on the validity of the arbitration clause, are to be resolved by the arbitrator in the first instance.

(7) Under the contracts, either the jury-trial waiver is enforceable or the arbitration clause is enforceable, and because the arbitration clause is valid, irrevocable and enforceable, the jury-trial waiver necessarily is unenforceable.

A. Standard of review

We review declaratory judgments decided by summary judgment under the same standards that govern summary judgments generally. See Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code § 37.010 (West, Westlaw through 2017 1st C.S.); Wolf Hollow I, L.P. v. El Paso Mktg., L.P. , 472 S.W.3d 325, 332 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2015, pet. denied). We review the trial court’s grant of a summary judgment de novo. See Provident Life & Accident Ins. Co. v. Knott , 128 S.W.3d 211, 215 (Tex. 2003). In a traditional motion for summary judgment, if the movant’s motion and summary-judgment evidence facially establish its right to judgment as a matter of law, the burden shifts to the nonmovant to raise a genuine, material fact issue sufficient to defeat summary judgment. M.D. Anderson Hosp. & Tumor Inst. v. Willrich , 28 S.W.3d 22, 23 (Tex. 2000). In our de novo review of a trial court’s summary judgment, we consider all the evidence in the light most favorable to the nonmovant, crediting evidence favorable to the nonmovant if reasonable jurors could, and disregarding contrary evidence unless reasonable jurors could not. Mack Trucks, Inc. v. Tamez , 206 S.W.3d 572, 582 (Tex. 2006). The evidence raises a genuine issue of fact if reasonable and fair-minded jurors could differ in their conclusions in light of all of the summary-judgment evidence. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co. v. Mayes , 236 S.W.3d 754, 755 (Tex. 2007).

In this case, the trial court was asked to render a declaratory judgment based on the Note and the First Modification, instruments subject to the general rules of contract construction. See Marzo Club, LLC v. Columbia Lakes Homeowners Ass'n , 325 S.W.3d 791, 798 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2010, no pet.). In construing a contract, our primary concern is to ascertain and give effect to the intentions of the parties as expressed in the contract. Kelley-Coppedge, Inc. v. Highlands Ins. Co. , 980 S.W.2d 462, 464 (Tex. 1998). To ascertain the parties' true intentions, we examine the entire agreement in an effort to harmonize and give effect to all provisions of the contract so that none will be rendered meaningless. MCI Telecomms. Corp. v. Tex. Utils. Elec. Co. , 995 S.W.2d 647, 652 (Tex. 1999). Whether a contract is ambiguous is a question of law for the court. Heritage Res., Inc. v. NationsBank , 939 S.W.2d 118, 121 (Tex. 1996). A contract is ambiguous when its meaning is uncertain and doubtful or is reasonably susceptible to more than one interpretation. Id. But, when a written contract is worded so that it can be given a...