Central States, Se and Sw Areas Pen. Fund v. Brumm

• Citation: 264 F.Supp.2d 697
• Decision Date: 23 May 2003
• Docket Number: No. 02 C 8327.,02 C 8327.
• Court: U.S. District Court — Northern District of Illinois
• Parties: CENTRAL STATES, SOUTHEAST AND SOUTHWEST AREAS PENSION FUND, and Howard McDougall, trustee, Plaintiffs, v. Donna L. BRUMM, Defendant.

264 F.Supp.2d 697

CENTRAL STATES, SOUTHEAST AND SOUTHWEST AREAS PENSION FUND, and Howard McDougall, trustee, Plaintiffs, v. Donna L. BRUMM, Defendant.

No. 02 C 8327.

United States District Court, N.D. Illinois, Eastern Division.

May 23, 2003.

Robert Anthony Coco, Brad R. Berliner, John Joseph Franczyk, Jr., Charles H. Lee, Rosemont, IL, for Plaintiffs.

Joseph James Torres, Cardelle Bratton, Deborah Borst Hoetger, Winston & Strawn, Chicago, IL, for Defendant.

MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER

BUCKLO, District Judge.

Plaintiffs Central States, Southeast and Southwest Areas Pension Fund, and Howard McDougall (collectively "Central States") sued defendant Donna L. Brumm to collect withdrawal liability payments under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act ("ERISA"), 29 U.S.C. §§ 1001-1461. Ms. Brumm filed a jury demand, which Central States now moves to strike. I grant the motion to strike.

Central States alleges that Ms. Brumm personally owned and operated an unincorporated real estate business (the "Real Estate Business"). (Compl.¶ 9.) Ms. Brumm also owned 100% of the stock of a corporation known as Blouin Cartage, Inc. ("Blouin Cartage"). (Comp.¶ 10.) Blouin Cartage was allegedly bound by a collective bargaining agreement under which it was required to make contributions on behalf of certain of its employees to the Central States pension fund (the "Fund"), a multiemployer pension fund under ERISA. (Compl.¶¶ 4, 13.) Central States claims that based on the common control of the Real Estate Business and Blouin Cartage (collectively the "Controlled Group"), the Controlled Group was a single employer under ERISA for the purposes of determining withdrawal liability.¹ (Compl.¶¶ 11-12). The Fund determined that the Controlled Group effected a "complete withdrawal" from the Fund under 29 U.S.C. § 1383, and Central States claims that as a result, all members of the Controlled Group became jointly and severally liable for withdrawal liability in the amount of $470,278.96. (Compl.¶¶ 14-15.)

ERISA provides that any dispute between an employer and a plan sponsor regarding withdrawal liability "shall be resolved through arbitration." 29 U.S.C. § 1401(a)(1). Central States' amended complaint alleges that the Controlled Group did not timely initiate arbitration proceedings, and the withdrawal liability demanded is thus due and owing immediately. (Am.Compl.¶ 18) (citing 29 U.S.C. § 1401(b)(1)) ("If no arbitration proceeding has been initiated ... the amounts demanded by the plan sponsor ... shall be due and owing."). Section 1401(b)(1) permits a fund to bring an action for collection of this due and owing withdrawal liability when no arbitration proceeding has been initiated.² See also Cent States, Southeast & Southwest Areas Pension Fund v. Slotky, 956 F.2d 1369, 1372 (7th Cir.1992) ("Should the employer fail to request arbitration within the deadline the amount of withdrawal liability assessed by the plan becomes due and owing and the plan can (as here) sue to collect it.") (citing 29 U.S.C. § 1401(b)(1)).

The Seventh Amendment provides for jury trials in "[s]uits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars." U.S. Const amend. VII. As the Supreme Court has noted,

Although the thrust of the Amendment was to preserve the right to jury trial as it existed in 1791, the Seventh Amendment also applies to actions brought to enforce statutory rights that are analogous to common-law causes of action ordinarily decided in English law courts in the late 18th century, as opposed to those customarily heard by courts of equity or admiralty.

Granfinanciera, S.A. v. Nordberg, 492 U.S. 33, 41-42, 109 S.Ct. 2782,106 L.Ed.2d 26 (1989) (internal quotations omitted). To determine whether a statutory cause of action is analogous to a traditional common law cause of action, I engage in a two-part inquiry. "First, [I] compare the statutory action to 18th-century actions brought in the courts of England prior to the merger of the courts of law and equity. Second, [I] examine the remedy sought and determine whether it is legal or equitable in nature." Id. at 42, 109 S.Ct. 2782 (internal quotations omitted). However, even if on balance these two factors indicate that an action to enforce statutory rights is analogous to a traditional common law legal claim, if the statutory claim asserts a "public right," then the Seventh Amendment does not entitle parties to a jury trial if Congress has assigned its adjudication to an administrative agency or specialized court of equity. Id. at 42 n. 4, 109 S.Ct. 2782. See also Atlas Roofing Co. v. Occupational Safety & Health Review Comm'n, 430 U.S. 442, 455, 97 S.Ct. 1261, 51 L.Ed.2d 464 (1977) ("[W]hen Congress creates new statutory `public rights,' it may assign their adjudication to an administrative agency ... without violating the Seventh Amendment's injunction that jury trial is to be `preserved' in `suits at common law.'").

It is well established that the ERISA provision requiring mandatory arbitration of withdrawal liability disputes does not violate the Seventh Amendment right to a jury trial because entitlement to withdrawal liability is a public right whose adjudication is delegable to non-judicial fora under Atlas Roofing. Peick v. Pension Benefits Guar. Corp., 724 F.2d 1247, 1277 (7th Cir.1983). See also Keith Fulton & Sons, Inc. v. New England Teamsters & Trucking Indus. Pension Fund, 762 F.2d 1124, 1131-32 (1st Cir.1984) (citing Atlas Roofing and finding that mandatory arbitration provision does not violate Seventh Amendment); Terson Co. v. Bakery Drivers & Salesmen Local 194, 739 F.2d 118, 121 (3d Cir.1984) (same); Bd. ofTrs. of W. Conference of Teamsters Pension Fund v. Thompson Bldg. Materials, Inc., 749 F.2d 1396, 1404 (9th Cir.1984) (same); Connors v. Ryan's Coal Co., Inc., 923 F.2d 1461, 1465-66 (11th Cir.1991) (same); Wash. Star Co. v. Int'l Typographical Union Negotiated Pension Plan, 729 F.2d 1502, 1511 (D.C.Cir.1984) (same). While the issue here is not the constitutionality of the mandatory arbitration provision, it cannot be the case that an employer has no right to have a jury decide disputes concerning the determination of withdrawal liability (because such disputes are properly assigned to arbitration), but does have the right to a jury in suits to collect withdrawal liability when the employer has essentially defaulted by not initiating arbitration.

Ms. Brumm points to Slotky in an attempt to highlight the difference between the circuit court cases such as Peick upholding the mandatory arbitration provision and the present case. Slotky was a case in a similar procedural posture to this one. In that case, the defendant was allegedly part of a group under common control, such that he incurred withdrawal liability when another part of the group withdrew from a pension fund. 956 F.2d at 1372. After the defendant failed to initiate arbitration, the pension fund sued to collect the due and owing withdrawal liability. The Seventh Circuit held that defendant must be allowed to contest in the district court his membership in the common control group, noting that "the issue of membership in a controlled group cannot be within exclusive arbitral jurisdiction." Id. at 1373 (emphasis in original). Ms. Brumm reads Slotky as indicating that Congress has not assigned resolution of control group membership to non-judicial fora, and resolution of such disputes therefore retains an entitlement to a jury. See Curtis v. Loether, 415 U.S. 189, 195, 94 S.Ct. 1005, 39 L.Ed.2d 260 (1974) (noting that while Congress may assign adjudication of statutory rights to non-judicial fora, where it has not done so (and the right is of a sort typically enforced through an action at law), a jury trial must be available). This reading is too broad. Slotky simply held that in certain limited situations (the court expressly declined to determine the exact limits), an employer does not waive his right to contest controlled group membership in court by failing to initiate arbitration. By no means did Slotky hold that Congress had not assigned adjudication of controlled group membership to arbitration. Nor did Slotky hold that in those cases in which employers are permitted to contest controlled group membership in the district court those employers are entitled to a jury trial. Slotky simply cannot be read to endorse the result sought by Ms. Brumm: that an employer does not have a right to a jury to decide withdrawal Uability disputes when arbitration is initiated, but that an employer does have a right to a jury when it fails to initiate arbitration and must defend the collection action in court.

Ms. Brumm cites Central States, Southeast & Southwest Areas Pension Fund v. Fulkerson, No. 99 C 420, 2001 WL 1516728 (N.D.IU. Nov. 28, 2001) (Darrah, J.) in support of her argument. In Fulkerson, the court held that shareholders of an employer who had allegedly incurred...