Champion Parts Rebuilders, Inc. v. Cormier Corp.

• Decision Date: 16 December 1986
• Docket Number: No. 86 C 8906.,86 C 8906.
• Citation: 650 F. Supp. 87
• Parties: CHAMPION PARTS REBUILDERS, INC., Plaintiff, v. CORMIER CORPORATION, et al., Defendants.
• Court: U.S. District Court — Northern District of Illinois

650 F. Supp. 87

CHAMPION PARTS REBUILDERS, INC., Plaintiff, v. CORMIER CORPORATION, et al., Defendants.

No. 86 C 8906.

United States District Court, N.D. Illinois, E.D.

December 16, 1986.

Randall L. Mitchell, Peter V. Baugher, Paul E. Lehner, Philip Fertik, Adams, Fox, Adelstein & Rosen, Chicago, Ill., William G. McGuinness, William Freilich, Fried, Frank, Harris, Shriver & Jacobson, New York City, for plaintiff.

Richard C. Nelson, Martha V. Gordon, Concord, N.H., Albert A. Notini, Bedford, N.H., Ovide M. LaMontagne, Devine, Millimet, Stahl & Branch, Manchester, N.H., Stephen J. Landes, Holleb & Coff, Ltd., Chicago, Ill., for defendants.

MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER

SHADUR, District Judge.

Champion Parts Rebuilders, Inc. ("Champion") sues a large group of defendants, charging they have acquired control of a majority or near-majority of Champion stock through false and misleading filings and solicitations in violation of Securities Exchange Act of 1934 ("1934 Act") §§ 13(d) ("Section 13(d)") and 14(a) ("Section 14(a)") and seeking equitable relief for those violations. In the midst of expedited discovery, preparatory to a scheduled December 29 preliminary injunction hearing, principal defendants Cormier Corporation ("Cormier") and 15 allegedly-affiliated individuals (all 16 are collectively "Cormier-Navon Defendants") have filed what they mistakenly term a motion for summary judgment¹ on Champion's 1934 Act claims:

1. They challenge Champion's right to any relief under Section 13(d) beyond the filing of a curative Schedule 13D.

2. They assert the absence of any liability generally, and the unavailability of injunctive relief specifically, under Section 14(a) as well.

For the reasons stated in this memorandum opinion and order, Cormier-Navon Defendants' motion (however viewed) is denied.

Section 13(d)

Though some respectable authority exists to the contrary (see, e.g., Liberty National Insurance Holding Co. v. Charter Co., 734 F.2d 545, 559-67 (11th Cir.1984)²), our Court of Appeals is among the majority of courts holding an issuer corporation has an implied cause of action for violation of the Williams Act, pursuant to which Section 13(d) was enacted. Indiana National Corp. v. Rich, 712 F.2d 1180, 1182-85 (7th Cir.1983) confirmed such a right and reversed the district court's dismissal of an issuer corporation's complaint seeking various types of equitable relief:

1. to compel an amended Schedule 13D with full disclosure;

2. to enjoin further acquisition of shares by the offending party; and

3. to compel divestiture of previously-acquired "tainted" shares.

Because the discussion in Indiana National, id. at 1185 justified the private cause of action only by speaking of the need to compel an accurate Schedule 13D, Cormier-Navon Defendants argue that is the only permissible scope for injunctive relief — that once a wholly truthful Schedule 13D is of record, the issuer corporation's case is rendered moot.

True enough, no court should allow the neutral, "fair fight" goals of the Williams Act to be distorted into a purely incumbent-management-sheltering vehicle, any more than the same goals should be subverted by forging a takeover weapon for a prospective acquirer (see Indiana National, id. at 1185). And it is also true that a number of courts, in the course of recognizing private rights of action for an issuer corporation, have also spoken as though more extensive injunctive relief of the kind sought by Champion should not be granted — at least not ordinarily (see, e.g., Gearhart Industries, Inc. v. Smith International, Inc., 741 F.2d 707, 716-18 (5th Cir. 1984); Hubco, Inc. v. Rappaport, 628 F.Supp. 345, 354-55 (D.N.J.1985)).

But any bright-line rule of the sort urged by Cormier-Navon Defendants would ignore two facts of corporate life:

1. When the issuer corporation acts as surrogate for its shareholders (Indiana National, 712 F.2d at 1185), it should seek to promote the corporate welfare as such (as differentiated from the welfare of incumbent management): the maximization of corporate wealth (and hence the wealth of shareholders). That ordinarily means maximizing the corporation's free market choices.

2. If any group has acquired control (or blocking control) through the delivery of false messages to the marketplace, it may have enabled itself — quite improperly — to pursue its own private agenda, rather than the one best for corporate shareholders generally.³ Put another way, the very fact of a party's having lied in a Schedule 13D should raise (a) a concern as to why that was done and (b) a corresponding prima facie concern that general shareholder welfare may have been placed at risk to promote the lying acquirer's private purposes.

To be sure, the former shareholders who have already sold without adequate information may have an adequate remedy at law via a damage action, perhaps a class remedy (see, e.g., Rondeau v. Mosinee Paper Corp., 422 U.S. 49, 60, 95 S.Ct. 2069, 2076-77, 45 L.Ed.2d 12 (1975); Gearhart Industries, 741 F.2d at 716). But Indiana National and like cases say the issuer corporation is properly in court not for former but for existing shareholders, whose interests may require forward-looking relief because the corporation's welfare (and therefore theirs) may have been adversely affected by the tainted acquisition of control or blocking control.

It is also worth observing that the implications of Cormier-Navon Defendants' position are enormously disturbing. There is no practical way in which the SEC, with its limited enforcement resources, can police all Schedule 13D filings. If the only thing a fraudulent filer could be required to do is to file truthfully, so future stock transactions can take place in a clean marketplace, the whole purpose of the Williams Act would be frustrated by the elimination of any incentive to comply with its requirements (see Bath Industries, Inc. v. Blot, 427 F.2d 97, 113 (7th Cir.1970), relied on in Indiana National, 712 F.2d at 1184). It would be much like a criminal justice system in which the apprehended lawbreaker is subject only to injunctive relief ("Go thou and sin no more") — not even to restitution, let alone other sanctions.

All this reduces comfortably to conventional preliminary-injunction law: If the issuer corporation can demonstrate the lack of an adequate remedy at law and the presence of irreparable injury to itself (including the existing shareholders for whom it acts), it should not be foreclosed from obtaining the equitable remedies needed to forestall or cure that injury. Rondeau, 422 U.S. at 57-65, 95 S.Ct. at 2075-79. This Court cannot now say — on the pleadings — Champion will be unable to make that showing. Cormier-Navon Defendants' motion is without merit.

Section 14(a)

Cormier-Navon Defendants Mem. 14-15 did not give their Section 14(a) motion much space, nor did it deserve much. Complaint ¶ 44 specifically charges defendants with having solicited proxies, consents and authorizations in violation of Section 14(a) and the corresponding SEC Rules. Cormier-Navon Defendants distort that...