Chickanosky v. Chickanosky

• Decision Date: 11 July 2012
• Docket Number: No. 11–305.,11–305.
• Citation: 2012 VT 52,54 A.3d 162
• Parties: Michael CHICKANOSKY v. Margaret CHICKANOSKY.
• Court: Vermont Supreme Court

54 A.3d 162

2012 VT 52

Michael CHICKANOSKY

v.Margaret CHICKANOSKY.

No. 11–305.

Supreme Court of Vermont.

July 11, 2012.

Present: REIBER, C.J., DOOLEY, SKOGLUND, BURGESS and ROBINSON, Associate Justices.

ENTRY ORDER

¶ 1. The present appeal is the third in as many years involving the same parties. Mother appeals a family court order modifying her parent-child contact rights. We affirm.

¶ 2. The parties originally agreed to share parental rights and responsibilities as part of a December 2005 divorce order. In 2009, the family court granted, in part, father's motion to modify the original divorce order by awarding him sole legal parental rights and responsibilities. We affirmed in a three-justice entry order. See Chickanosky v. Chickanosky, Nos. 2009–094 & 2009–444, 2010 WL 7799902 (Vt. May 21, 2010) (unpub.mem.), http:// vermont judiciary.org/ d–upeo/eo09– 094.pdf.

¶ 3. In July 2010, the family court granted father's second motion to modify based on his planned move to Missouri. The court awarded him legal and physical parental rights and responsibilities, with mother having summertime and vacation parent-child contact. Specifically, the court provided that mother was entitled to “[e]ach summer vacation except for the first and last week of summer vacation,” and was “encouraged to visit [daughter] in Missouri to help with the transition and familiarize herself with [daughter's] new house and school,” in addition to “[r]easonable contact if she is in Missouri or if [father] brings [daughter] to Vermont.” We affirmed in a full-court decision. See Chickanosky v. Chickanosky, 2011 VT 110, 190 Vt. 435, 35 A.3d 132.

¶ 4. The parties then got into a dispute over mother's unplanned or short-notice visits to Missouri. Three days after daughter left Vermont, and before a school was selected in Missouri, mother notified father that she planned to travel to Missouri beginning August 15 and she wanted daughter to stay with her in a hotel that week. Because the parties were unable to work out a contact schedule, due in part to their “historically bad communication,” father filed an emergency motion to clarify contact on August 12, 2010. The court denied the motion the next day, noting that “[mother] is entitled to reasonable parent-child contact while she is in MO. The court expects the parties to work cooperatively to ensure that the minor child has an enjoyable first week of school—free from parental strife.” On August 17, 2010 mother filed an emergency motion to enforce, which the court granted in part, stating mother could have contact that week from 6 p.m. to 7:30 p.m., and the following weekend as proposed by father in his previous pleadings.

¶ 5. Also in early August, father informed mother that his family had made plans for weekends away from Missouri from October 2–3 and October 28–31. He offered mother other October weekends for visits, but she could not arrange for a trip to Missouri during those weekends. When October arrived, mother filed another emergency motion to allow her to spend October 25–31 with daughter in Missouri. She also moved on a nonemergency basis to clarify “the parent-child contact schedule for this school year and for the future.” The court denied the emergency motion, and noted it would set a hearing date for the nonemergency motion. Around October 21, mother again asked father for time with daughter from October 28–November 1, but father reiterated that he had plans to be out of town that weekend, and offered her time from October 23–24, though mother declined this offer. The court found that daughter somehow became aware that mother was planning a visit in October, and that daughter was “again caught in the middle of strife created solely by her mother's last minute, unplanned and inconsiderate demand for contact.”

¶ 6. Parent-child contact continued, apparently without significant problems, through February.^* Because of snow days in Missouri, daughter's school vacation in February was cut short. Mother desired to fly daughter to Vermont for seventy-two hours, while father opposed this. Mother filed another emergency motion in February 2011, accusing father of willfully and maliciously violating the court's parent-child contact order, which the court denied. Mother ultimately traveled to Missouri and spent the weekend of February 17–20 with daughter. Father did not allow daughter to have overnights with mother the following three nights because they were school nights, though mother had daughter with her each evening for dinner. The court found that mother was “bitterly resentful” that father did not allow her overnight contact on school nights, and concluded that mother was “patently unreasonable” in her request that daughter be flown to Vermont for a seventy-two hour trip and in requesting overnight contact on school nights.

¶ 7. In March, mother traveled to Missouri despite the fact that daughter did not have school vacation. Around this time, mother found a house to rent during her visit; it was located between daughter's home and her school. The court found that mother did not tell father she had rented the house. Daughter stayed at the house during mother's time in Missouri in March. Although there was some dispute about whether mother told daughter not to tell father about the house, the court found that daughter said nothing for several days. After daughter's disclosure to father, an email exchange followed where father requested that mother inform him about where she was staying, to which mother responded that “[i]t has never been a secret where I am staying.” The court found that this situation caught daughter in the middle of parental strife created by mother, which could have been avoided if she had told father she rented the house. Following this conflict, father filed his own motion to clarify the contact schedule in April 2011.

¶ 8. In late May, daughter arrived in Vermont for her summer vacation with mother. At some point, father discovered that, unbeknownst to him, mother had given daughter an iPhone. When father asked daughter for the access code to check the phone, daughter became upset. The court found that mother's attitude with regard to this incident was “much ado about nothing” and that she was oblivious to the fact that the situation could have been avoided if she had simply told father about the phone and its limitations on internet usage.

¶ 9. Following a hearing in July 2011, the court entered a twenty-five page order which clarified and modified parent-child contact. The court found that mother placed her needs ahead of the best interests of daughter, engaged in selfish and unreasonable behavior, has been patently unreasonable, has had “no insight whatsoever” as to why her behavior has caused daughter stress, and has failed to gain insight “as to the devastating impact of her behavior.” The court also found that father attempted to relieve daughter's stress and that his “good basic parenting” has allowed daughter to have a “consistent, stable routine.” The court found a change in circumstances because mother's harmful behavior had not lessened, as anticipated by the court's July 2010 order. Turning to the best-interests analysis, the court found that daughter's emotional development would be harmed if she spent the whole summer with mother. Thus, the court set forth a specific contact schedule and limited mother's summertime contact to approximately one month.

¶ 10. Mother appeals, arguing that: (1) the court exceeded its jurisdiction and violated her right to due process by issuing an order limiting her summertime contact with daughter insofar as she was never notified that summertime contact would be at issue; (2) father failed to make an adequate showing that there was a real, substantial, and unanticipated change in material circumstances to modify the previous custody order; and (3) the court failed to consider the best-interests factors in further limiting her contact with daughter.

¶ 11. Mother argues that the motions before the court referred exclusively to contact in Missouri, not summertime contact, and therefore she had no notice that the court would consider modifying her summertime contact.

¶ 12. Mother claimed that there was a change in circumstances with respect to parent-child contact in her October 2010 motion. Mother requested in pertinent part “clarification regarding the parent-child contact schedule for this school year and for the future,” that a cell phone be given to daughter, that father pay daughter's travel expenses, that she have a blocks of time with daughter in Missouri, that she be given specified periods of contact time from October 2010 to May 2011, and that she be able to travel internationally with daughter in the summer. In March 2011, the court characterized mother's motion as a motion for “enforcement and clarification/modification of... parental rights,” and said it would set all pending motions for a full-day hearing.

¶ 13. Father's April 2011 motion requested an order precluding mother from traveling to Missouri unannounced, precludingmother from contacting daughter should mother travel to Missouri, prohibiting her from interfering with daughter's flights, requiring communication with father on time spent in Vermont, and “[a]ll other and further relief which the Court deems just.” At the start of the hearing, father's attorney stated that the issue was the “visitation schedule in Missouri and—and other visitation.”...