City of Kalamazoo v. Richland Tp.

• Decision Date: 14 February 1997
• Docket Number: Docket No. 189485
• Citation: City of Kalamazoo v. Richland Tp., 562 N.W.2d 237, 221 Mich.App. 531 (Mich. App. 1997)
• Parties: CITY OF KALAMAZOO, Petitioner-Appellee, v. RICHLAND TOWNSHIP, Respondent-Appellant.
• Court: Court of Appeal of Michigan

Page 237

562 N.W.2d 237

221 Mich.App. 531

CITY OF KALAMAZOO, Petitioner-Appellee, v. RICHLAND TOWNSHIP, Respondent-Appellant.

Docket No. 189485.

Court of Appeals of Michigan.

Submitted Nov. 13, 1996, at Grand Rapids.

Decided Feb. 14, 1997, at 9:05 a.m.

Released for Publication April 29, 1997.

Robert H. Cinabro, City Attorney, and A. Lee Kirk, Deputy City Attorney, Kalamazoo, for City of Kalamazoo.

Bauckham, Sparks, Rolfe & Thomsen, P.C. by Lynda E. Thomsen, Kalamazoo, for Richland Township.

Before WAHLS, P.J., and YOUNG and J.H. FISHER ^*, JJ.

PER CURIAM.

In this tax appeal, respondent Richland Township appeals as of right the order of the Michigan Tax Tribunal (MTT) that determined that land owned by petitioner City of Kalamazoo and operated by the Kalamazoo Municipal Golf Association (KMGA) is exempt from taxation. We affirm.

In 1924, the KMGA was formed to operate and maintain a golf course that Kalamazoo owned. On February 2, 1925, Kalamazoo's city commission formally adopted the KMGA's constitution. In April 1957, Kalamazoo acquired land that became the Eastern Hills Golf Course. Kalamazoo has used Eastern Hills exclusively as a municipal golf course that is open to the public without restriction other than the payment of greens fees or the annual membership fee. On February 3, 1986, Kalamazoo and the KMGA executed a management contract for the management of Eastern Hills. On November 18, 1991, and upon the expiration of the original agreement, Kalamazoo and the KMGA entered into a second management agreement for three of Kalamazoo's municipal golf courses. The contracts included provisions that the KMGA and its employees were independent contractors, not city employees, and that the KMGA agreed to indemnify Kalamazoo for claims made against Kalamazoo arising from the use or operation of the golf courses.

Before the 1992 tax year, Richland Township treated Eastern Hills as tax-exempt. After reevaluating its position, Richland Township billed the KMGA during the 1992 tax year for taxes based on an assessed value of Eastern Hills of $500,000. Kalamazoo appealed the tax to Richland Township's Board of Review, which denied Kalamazoo's claim that the property is exempt from taxation.

On April 10, 1992, Kalamazoo appealed to the MTT, arguing that Eastern Hills was tax-exempt under M.C.L. § 211.7m; M.S.A. § 7.7(4j), which exempts a local government's property from taxation. Kalamazoo also argued that the KMGA had managed Kalamazoo's three municipal golf courses on a nonprofit basis since 1986. Richland Township answered that the KMGA operated Eastern Hills under a written contract with Kalamazoo, which subjected the KMGA to taxation under the lessee-user statute, M.C.L. § 211.181(1); M.S.A. § 7.7(5)(1). In addition, Richland Township asserted as an affirmative defense its claim that the real party in interest was the KMGA, not Kalamazoo.

On January 11, 1994, Kalamazoo moved for summary disposition. The MTT agreed with Richland Township that the KMGA was a private association, that the KMGA was conducted for a profit, and that the lessee-user tax statute applied. However, the MTT determined that the KMGA qualified as a concessionaire, which exempted the KMGA from taxation. Accordingly, the MTT ordered Richland Township to issue a refund of the taxes paid.

Richland Township argues that Kalamazoo lacked standing to bring an appeal before the MTT because the KMGA was the real party in interest. We disagree.

MCR 2.201(B) requires that, generally, an action must be prosecuted in the name of the real party in interest. A real party in interest is the one who is vested with the right of action on a given claim, although the beneficial interest may be in another. Hofmann v. Auto Club Ins. Ass'n, 211 Mich.App. 55, 95, 535 N.W.2d 529 (1995). This standing doctrine recognizes that litigation should be begun only by a party having an interest that will assure sincere and vigorous advocacy. Michigan Nat'l Bank v. Mudgett, 178 Mich.App. 677, 679, 444 N.W.2d 534 (1989). In addition, the doctrine protects a defendant from multiple lawsuits for the same cause of action. Kearns v. Michigan Iron & Coke Co., 340 Mich. 577, 581, 66 N.W.2d 230 (1954). A defendant is not harmed provided the final judgment is a full, final, and conclusive adjudication of the rights in controversy that may be pleaded to bar any further suit instituted by any other party. Id.; Cody Park Ass'n v. Royal Oak School Dist., 116 Mich.App. 103, 110, 321 N.W.2d 855 (1982).

Here, Kalamazoo had standing as an aggrieved party under Richland Twp. v. State Tax Comm., 210 Mich.App. 328, 335, 533 N.W.2d 369 (1995). In addition, Richland Township did not contradict Kalamazoo's evidence of ownership of Eastern Hills. As a home rule city, Kalamazoo is authorized to exercise its municipal powers to manage, control, and administer municipal property to advance its interest. M.C.L. § 117.4j; M.S.A. § 5.2083. Kalamazoo adopted the KMGA's constitution and bylaws in 1925. Any amendment of the KMGA's constitution or bylaws requires Kalamazoo's express approval. Furthermore, the KMGA's current constitution requires the affirmative vote of Kalamazoo's city manager, the assistant city manager for operations, or the director of finance before the KMGA may expend any money. Under these circumstances, Kalamazoo's control over the KMGA is such that Richland Township would not be subjected to repeated litigation over this tax appeal. Accordingly, Richland Township's claim must fail. Kearns, supra, at p. 581, 66 N.W.2d 230; Cody Park, supra, at p. 110, 321 N.W.2d 855.

Richland Township argues that the MTT erred in ruling that the KMGA used Eastern Hills as a "concession" pursuant to the lessee-user statute. We disagree but also find that the MTT erred in applying the lessee-user statute in the first place. Because the lessee-user statute was not applicable under the facts of this case, it was unnecessary to determine whether an exception to the statute applied.

Appellate review of the MTT's decisions is limited to deciding if the tribunal's factual findings are supported by competent, material, and substantial evidence. Golf Concepts v. Rochester Hills, 217 Mich.App. 21, 24, 550 N.W.2d 803 (1996). In the absence of fraud, this Court reviews the MTT's decisions to determine whether the tribunal erred in applying the law or adopted the wrong principle. Id., at pp. 24-25, 550 N.W.2d 803. MCR 2.116(C)(10) permits summary disposition when "[e]xcept as to the amount of damages, there is no genuine issue as to any material fact, and the moving party is entitled to judgment or partial judgment as a matter of law." Radtke v. Everett, 442 Mich. 368, 374, 501 N.W.2d 155 (1993). A court reviewing such a motion must consider the pleadings, affidavits, depositions, admissions, and any other evidence in favor of the party opposing the motion, and grant the benefit of any reasonable doubt to the opposing party. Id.

Generally, property that is owned by a city and is used for public purposes is exempt from taxation. M.C.L. § 211.7m; M.S.A. § 7.7(4j). However, an exception to the general rule is found in the lessee-user statute, which provides in relevant part:

(1) When any real property which for any reason is exempt from ad valorem property taxation is leased, loaned, or otherwise made available to and used by a private individual, association, or corporation in connection with a business conducted for profit, the lessees or users of this real property shall be subject to taxation in the same amount and to the same extent as though the lessee or user were the owner of this real property.

(2) Subsection (1) shall not apply to:

* * * * * *

(b) Property which is used as a concession at a public airport, park, market, or similar property and which is available for use by the general public. [M.C.L. § 211.181; M.S.A. § 7.7(5).]

The lessee-user statute imposes a tax only on a lessee of tax-exempt property used in connection with a "business conducted for profit." Nomads, Inc. v. Romulus, 154 Mich.App. 46, 53, 397 N.W.2d 210 (1986). This clause must be strictly construed in favor of the taxpayer. Id., at p. 55, 397 N.W.2d 210. Here, the MTT erred as a matter of law in finding that Eastern Hills was used in connection with a "business conducted for profit." In support of its motion for summary disposition, Kalamazoo provided affidavits in which its finance director and the KMGA's business manager averred that the KMGA has always operated on a nonprofit basis during their respective tenures. In addition, Kalamazoo submitted documentary evidence concerning the tax-exempt bonds that Kalamazoo sold to finance capital improvements at the three municipal golf courses. Accordingly, Kalamazoo satisfied its initial burden of production. See Quinto v. Cross & Peters Co., 451 Mich. 358, 362, 547 N.W.2d 314 (1996).

In response, Richland Township relied upon the two management agreements. The terms of these agreements refer to the KMGA as "Contractor," obligate the KMGA to pay all taxes, and require the KMGA to assume full financial responsibility for Eastern Hills, to be deemed an independent contractor, and to indemnify Kalamazoo for claims arising from the KMGA's use of Eastern Hills. However, none of these factors is inconsistent with a nonprofit organization. In addition, the fact that neither the KMGA's...