City of Mobile v. Merchants Nat. Bank of Mobile

• Decision Date: 22 January 1948
• Docket Number: 1 Div. 298.
• Citation: 250 Ala. 159,33 So.2d 457
• Parties: CITY OF MOBILE v. MERCHANTS NAT. BANK OF MOBILE.
• Court: Alabama Supreme Court

33 So.2d 457

250 Ala. 159

CITY OF MOBILE v. MERCHANTS NAT. BANK OF MOBILE.

1 Div. 298.

Supreme Court of Alabama

January 22, 1948

Harry Seale, of Mobile, for appellant.

Caffey Gallalee & Caffey, of Mobile, for appellee.

STAKELY, Justice.

This is an appeal from a decree of the equity court sustaining the demurrer to a cross-bill. On May 9, 1947, the Merchants National Bank of Mobile, as administrator and trustee under the will of Annie D. Baker, deceased, filed a bill of complaint against the City of Mobile, in which it sought to redeem several parcels of land from public improvement foreclosure sales. The sales were made on January 27, 1941. These parcels of land were owned by Annie D. Baker at the time of her death. In each instance the property was sold on foreclosure to the City of Mobile by the Register of the Circuit Court.

The gist of the action is the refusal of the City of Mobile to allow redemption for less than the amount paid on the sale plus an amount equal to interest at 15% per annum on such purchase price from the date of the sale to the date of redemption. The complainant alleges the right to redeem under § 562, Title 37, Code of 1940, but offers to do equity and asks the court to determine the amount necessary to redeem and for other specific and general relief, including a declaratory judgment. The court overruled the demurrer to the original bill. The City of Mobile then set up by way of answer and cross-bill that at the time the assessments were levied and bonds issued the rate was 15%, 'and the City of Mobile in issuing these bonds pledged to the prompt payment thereof when the bonds should become due, the interest collectible at the rate of 15% on redemption from the foreclosure of the assessments referred to.' It is alleged that the bonds have been refunded twice, in 1936 and on January 1, 1941, and that all revenues pledged to the original bonds were pledged to the refunding bonds. It is further alleged in substance that the legislature cannot reduce the interest collectible on redemption without the consent of the bondholders without impairing contractual obligations contrary to constitutional provisions. Demurrer was sustained to the cross-bill, as aforesaid, and hence this appeal.

At the time the original bonds were issued to finance construction of the improvements, the rate of 15% per annum was the rate as fixed by act of the legislature where redemption is sought. Acts 1927, pp. 753, 771, § 50. An Act of the Extra Session of 1932, p. 272, reduced the rate to 10%. In 1939 the rate was reduced to 8%. Acts 1939, p. 354, § 1. The Act of 1939 was in force when the foreclosure sales were made on January 27, 1941. We set out enough of the Act of 1939 to make the matter under discussion understandable. 'Any real property heretofore or hereafter sold for the satisfaction of a local improvement assessment lien imposed thereon by the governing body of a municipality may be redeemed by the former owner, or his assigns or other person authorized to redeem property sold for taxes by the State of Alabama, within two years from the date of such sale, by paying to the purchaser at such sale or to any person deraigning title under such purchaser, or to the city treasurer for such purchaser or person deraigning title under such purchaser, the amount of the purchase price for which the property was sold at such sale plus an amount equal to interest on such purchase price from the date of such sale to the date of redemption at the rate of eight per centum per annum plus a fee of two dollars to cover the expense of a conveyance.' The Code of 1940 went into effect May 31, 1941, containing § 562, Title 37, which is the same as the act of 1939 in the paragraph under discussion, except that the rate of interest is further reduced to 6 percent per annum.

In issuing the refunding bonds the City of Mobile pledged to the holders thereof all revenues pledged on the issuance of the original bonds. It is insisted that since the purpose and intention of the refunding bonds was not payment, but simply renewal or extension of the original debt, all pledges given as security for the original debt will be carried forward as security for the debt as extended or renewed. Bank of Oakman v. Thompson, 224 Ala. 87, 139 So. 238. Accordingly it is further claimed that the legislature had no power to impair the pledge or the remedy for its enforcement. Sections 22 and 95 of the Constitution of 1901; Howard v State ex rel. McGarry, 226 Ala. 215, 146 So. 414.

It is further argued that the position of appellant is recognized and substantiated by the statute which appears as § 287, Title 37, Code of 1940, the pertinent portion of which is as follows: '* * * The holders of all refunding and funding bonds issued under the provisions of this article, whether such bonds shall have been delivered in exchange for the indebtedness refunded or funded thereby, or shall have been sold and the proceeds thereof applied to the retirement of such indebtedness, shall be subrogated to all the rights and powers of the holders of such indebtedness, unless otherwise expressly provided in the ordinance or resolution authorizing the issuance of such refunding or funding bonds. * * *'

It is pointed out that the validity of the last-mentioned statute has been upheld by this court. Lang v. City of Mobile, 239 Ala. 331, 195 So. 248.

As we interpret the pleadings the allegations of the cross-bill on demurrer present the question as to the right of the legislature to reduce the rate of 15% in the face of § 287, Title 37, Code of 1940, and in the light of constitutional provisions relating to impairment of contractual obligations. If the legislature did not have the right to make the reduction, the cross-bill must stand. If on the contrary the legislature had such right, the cross-bill must fall. In this latter event the question whether the rate of 8% of 6% should prevail, it seems to us, should be determined on the issues made by the original bill and answer.

We do not think that the question of the right to reduce the rate of interest should be confused by the issuance of the refunding bonds or the presence of § 287, Title 37, Code of 1940. The language of this statute clearly shows that the holders of the refunding bonds shall have the same rights as the holders of the original bonds. Accordingly the true inquiry should be whether the legislature could change the rate so as to affect the holders of the original bonds. In approaching this question, it must be conceded that the statutes pursuant to which the bonds were issued, entered into the contract between the city and the bondholders. Moore v. Howard, 227 Ala. 219, 149 So. 249. Those statutes provided a rate of 15% where redemption is sought. To solve the problem we should first consider the fundamental nature of the 15% charge.

The statute says that the redemptioner shall pay in addition to the amount of the purchase price for which the property was sold, 'an amount equal to interest, * * * at the rate of.' Obviously the redemptioner is not a debtor who is making payment for the use of money or for forbearance in the ordinary sense. 61 C.J. p. 1516. On the contrary the charge is added, among other things,...