City of New York v. A-1 Jewelry & Pawn, Inc., 06 CV 2233(JBW).

Citation501 F.Supp.2d 369
Decision Date15 August 2007
Docket NumberNo. 06 CV 2233(JBW).,06 CV 2233(JBW).
PartiesThe CITY OF NEW YORK, Plaintiff, v. A-1 JEWELRY & PAWN, INC.; Adventure Outdoors, Inc.; Cole's Gun Shop, Inc., Dunkelberger's Sports Outfitters; Gallery Distributing Inc.; Greg L. Driggers d/b/a AAA Gun & Pawn Brokers; The Gun Store, Inc.; Harold W. Babcock, Jr. d/b/a Webb's Sporting Goods; James Thomas Farmer d/b/a Jim's Guns and Whatever; Mickalis Pawn Shop, LLC; Nancy Dailey d/b/a Peddler's Post; Old Dominion Guns & Tackle,. Inc.; Patriot Services, Inc.; Welsh Pawn Shop, Inc. d/b/a Big Tom's Pawn Shop; Woodrow C. Holman III d/b/a Woody's Pawn Shop, Defendants.
CourtU.S. District Court — Eastern District of New York

Eric Proshansky, Gail P. Rubin, Corporation Counsel of the City of NY, Ari Biernoff, Melanie C.T. Ash, Richard J. Costa, New York City Law Department, Affirmative Litigation Division, Bryan Robert Dunlap, James Gardner Wheaton, Nicholas John Minella, Sangita A. Shah, Pillsbury Winthrop Shaw Pittman LLP, Kenneth William Taber; Berger & Webb LLP, New York, NY, for Plaintiff.

John F. Renzulli, Scott Charles Allan, Renzulli Law Firm LLP, Jeffrey Martin Malsch, Pisciotti Malsch & Buckley PC, White Plains, NY, Christopher Renzulli, Richard E. Gardiner, Renzulli Law Firm, LLP, John. Michael Lambros, Law Office of John M. Lambros, New York, NY, Anthony J. Piazza, Murphy, Piazza & Genello, Scranton, PA, Anthony Michael Pisciotti, Pisciotti, Malsch & Buckley, Florham Park, NJ, William W. Horlock, Sommers, Scrudder and Bass, LLP, Atlanta, GA, Matthew W. Broughton, Spencer M. Wiegard, Gentry, Locke, Rakes & Moore, Roanoke, VA, Carl Pierce, Pierce, Hems, Sloan, and McLeod, Justin S. Kahn, Kahn Law Firm, Charleston, SC, Elizabeth R. Gorman, Milber Makris Plousadis & Seiden, LLP, Woodbury, NY, for Defendants.

Cole's Gun Shop, Inc., South Boston, VA, pro se.

James Thomas Farmer, Dayton, OH, pro se.

MEMORANDUM & ORDER MOTION TO DISMISS FOR LACK OF PERSONAL JURISDICTION

WEINSTEIN, Senior District Judge.

                Table of Contents Page
                I.  Introduction ..................................................................374
                  II.  Sources of Information Available to the City ..................................374
                 III.  Facts .........................................................................376
                       A.  Retailer Factors ..........................................................376
                           1.  Number of Trace Handguns Linked to Criminal Investigations
                in New York and Elsewhere that are Attributable to a
                Defendant .............................................................376
                               a.  Temporal Limitations ..............................................377
                               b.  Inherent Limitations ..............................................377
                           2.  Distribution Practices and Their Possible Effects on Crimes in
                New York ............................................................377
                               a.  The City's Simulated Straw Purchases ..............................377
                               b.  Trafficking Prosecutions ..........................................377
                               c.  Multiple Sales ....................................................378
                           3.  Time-to-Crime of Retailer's Guns Recovered in New York ................378
                           4.  Sales Price and Type of Gun ...........................................379
                           5.  Crimes Committed in New York with a Retailer's Handguns ...............379
                           6.  Total Number of Handguns the Retailer Sold in the United
                States and its Total Revenue from the United States and New
                York Markets ........................................................379
                           7.  Actions of Regulatory Authorities Related to the Retailer's
                Distribution Practices ..............................................380
                           8.  Defense Reliance on Formal Compliance with Federal and State
                Retail Sales Requirements ...........................................381
                       B.  Factors as to Each Moving Defendant .......................................381
                           1.  Overview ..............................................................381
                           2.  Factors as to Each Moving Defendant ...................................382
                               a.  Peddler's Post — Wilmington, Ohio .................................383
                                   (1)  Number of Trace Handguns Linked to Criminal
                Investigations in New York and Elsewhere that
                are Attributable to the Defendant ..........................384
                                   (2)  Distribution Practices and Their Possible Effects on
                Crimes in New York .........................................384
                                        (a)  Straw Purchases .........................................384
                                               i.  United States v. Salazar...........................384
                                              ii.  United States v. Robinson .........................384
                                             iii.  United States v. Walker ...........................385
                                              iv.  United States v. Hancock ..........................385
                                               v.  United States v. Perkins...........................385
                                        (b)  Multiple Sales...........................................385
                                   (3)  Time-to-Crime of Retailer's Guns Recovered in New
                York .......................................................386
                                   (4)  Sales Price and Type of Gun ..................................386
                                   (5)  Crimes Committed in New York with a Retailer's
                Handguns ...................................................386
                                   (6)  Total Number of Handguns the Retailer Sold in the
                United States and its Total Revenue from the United
                States and New York Markets ................................386
                                   (7)  Actions of Regulatory Authorities Related to Peddler's
                Post's Distribution Practices ..............................387
                                        b.  Patriot — Richmond, Virginia .............................388
                
                (1)  Number of Trace Handguns Linked to Criminal
                Investigations in New York and Elsewhere that
                are Attributable to the Defendant ..........................389
                                   (2)  Distribution Practices and Their Possible Effects on
                Crimes in New York .........................................390
                                        (a)  Straw Purchases .........................................390
                                        (b)  Multiple Sales ..........................................390
                                        (c)  Use of Trace Requests ...................................390
                                   (3)  Time-to-Crime of Retailer's Guns Recovered in New
                York .......................................................390
                                   (4)  Sales Price and Type of Gun 391
                (5)  Crimes Committed in New York with a Retailer's
                Handguns ...................................................391
                                   (6)  Total Number of Handguns the Retailer Sold in the
                United States and its Total Revenue from the United
                States and New York Markets ................................391
                                   (7)  Actions of Regulatory Authorities Related to Patriot's
                Distribution Practices .....................................392
                               c.  Woody's — Orangeburg, South Carolina ..............................393
                                   (1)  Number of Trace Handguns Linked to Criminal
                Investigations in New York and Elsewhere that
                are Attributable to the Defendant ..........................394
                                   (2)  Distribution Practices and Their Possible Effects on
                Crimes in New York .........................................394
                                        (a)  Straw Purchases .........................................394
                                               i.  United States v. Brooks ...........................394
                                              ii.  United States v. Rutledge, ........................394
                                             iii.  United States v. Welcome ..........................395
                                              iv.  United States v. Brown ............................395
                                        (b)  Multiple Sales ..........................................395
                                        (c)  Trace Requests ..........................................396
                                   (3)  Time-to-Crime of Guns Recovered in New York ..................396
                                   (4)  Sales Price and Type of Gun ..................................396
                                   (5)  Crimes Committed in New York with a Retailer's
                Handguns....................................................396
                                   (6)  Total Number of Handguns the Retailer Sold in the
                United States and its Total Revenue from the United
                States and New York Markets ................................397
                                   (7)  Actions of Regulatory Authorities Related to Woody's
                Distribution Practices .....................................397
                               d.  Adventure Outdoors — Smyrna, Georgia ..............................398
                                   (1)  Number of Trace Handguns Linked to Criminal
                Investigations in New York and Elsewhere that
                are Attributable to the Defendant ..........................399
                                   (2)  Distribution Practices and Their Possible Effects on
                Crimes in New York .........................................399
                                        (a)  Straw Purchases..........................................399
                                                i.  United States v. El-Saddique......................400
                                               ii.  United States v. Rose.............................400
                                              iii.  United States v. Garcia-Diaz......................400
                                               iv.  United States v. Wilson...........................401
                                                v.  United States v. Vinson...........................401
                                               vi.  United States v. Pray.............................401
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